No members of the Government or Parliament were seen during the official broadcast.
President Vladimir Putin chose to attend a Christmas liturgy on his own at the Kremlin.
The situation in Ukraine was reflected in the broadcast, though.
In a Christmas address shown just before the liturgy started, Kirill accused Kyiv of trying to ruin pro-Moscow branch of Orthodox Church.
Ukraine's security service has raided property owned by the church and last month accused a senior cleric of engaging in anti-Ukrainian activity by supporting Russian policies.
Kirill mocked what he called "pathetic attempts" by Kyiv to destroy the church in Ukraine.
Many Orthodox Christians celebrate Christmas on January 6-7.