Forward-Looking Statements and Factors Affecting Future Results
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this document. This document contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the federal securities laws. These statements relate to our expectations, beliefs, intentions, plans, objectives, goals, strategies, future events, performance and underlying assumptions and other statements other than statements of historical facts. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the use of forward-looking terminology including, but not limited to, terms such as "may," "will," "anticipates," "expects," "believes," "intends," "should" or comparable terms or the negative thereof. These statements are based on information available on the date of this filing and only speak as to the date hereof and no obligation to update such forward-looking statements should be assumed. Our actual results may differ materially from those reflected in the forward-looking statements contained herein as a result of a variety of factors, including, among other things:
(i) those items discussed under "Risk Factors" in Part I, Item 1A to our annual
report on Form 10-K ; uncertainties relating to the business operations of the operators of our
(ii) assets, including those relating to reimbursement by third-party payors,
regulatory matters and occupancy levels; the impact of the novel coronavirus ("COVID-19") on our business and the business of our operators, including without limitation, the extent and
duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, increased costs and decreased occupancy
levels experienced by operators of skilled nursing facilities ("SNFs") and
(iii) assisted living facilities ("ALFs") in connection therewith, the ability of
operators to comply with new infection control and vaccine protocols, the
long-term impact of vaccination on facility infection rates, and the extent
to which continued government support may be available to operators to offset such costs and the conditions related thereto;
the ability of any of Omega's operators in bankruptcy to reject unexpired
lease obligations, modify the terms of Omega's mortgages and impede the
(iv) ability of Omega to collect unpaid rent or interest during the pendency of a
bankruptcy proceeding and retain security deposits for the debtor's
obligations, and other costs and uncertainties associated with operator
bankruptcies;
our ability to re-lease, otherwise transition, or sell underperforming assets
(v) or assets held for sale on a timely basis and on terms that allow us to
realize the carrying value of these assets;
(vi) the availability and cost of capital to us;
(vii) changes in our credit ratings and the ratings of our debt securities;
(viii) competition in the financing of healthcare facilities;
(ix) competition in long-term healthcare industry and shifts in the perception of
various types of long-term care facilities, including SNFs and ALFs;
(x) additional regulatory and other changes in the healthcare sector;
(xi) changes in the financial position of our operators;
(xii) the effect of economic and market conditions generally and, particularly,
in the healthcare industry;
(xiii) changes in interest rates;
(xiv) the timing, amount and yield of any additional investments;
(xv) changes in tax laws and regulations affecting real estate investment trusts
("REITs"); the potential impact of changes in the SNF and ALF markets or local real
(xvi) estate conditions on our ability to dispose of assets held for sale for the
anticipated proceeds or on a timely basis, or to redeploy the proceeds
therefrom on favorable terms;
(xvii) our ability to maintain our status as a REIT; and
the effect of other factors affecting our business or the businesses of
(xviii) our operators that are beyond our or their control, including natural
disasters, other health crises or pandemics and governmental action;
particularly in the healthcare industry. 33 Table of Contents OverviewOmega Healthcare Investors, Inc. ("Omega") was incorporated in theState of Maryland onMarch 31, 1992 , and has elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust ("REIT") for federal income tax purposes. Omega is structured as an umbrella partnership REIT ("UPREIT") under which all of Omega's assets are owned directly or indirectly by, and all of Omega's operations are conducted directly or indirectly through, its operating partnership subsidiary,OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership ("Omega OP"). Unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, the terms "Omega", the "Company," "we," "our" and "us" refer toOmega Healthcare Investors, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, including Omega OP, references to "Parent" refer toOmega Healthcare Properties, Inc. without regard to its consolidated subsidiaries, and references to "Omega OP" meanOHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership and its consolidated subsidiaries. As ofMarch 31, 2021 , Omega owned approximately 97% of the issued and outstanding units of partnership interest in Omega OP ("Omega OP Units"), and investors owned approximately 3% of the Omega OP Units. Omega has one reportable segment consisting of investments in healthcare-related real estate properties located inthe United States ("U.S.") and theUnited Kingdom ("U.K."). Our core business is to provide financing and capital to the long-term healthcare industry with a particular focus on SNFs and ALFs, and to a lesser extent, independent living facilities ("ILFs"), rehabilitation and acute care facilities ("specialty facilities") and medical office buildings. Our core portfolio consists of long-term leases and mortgage agreements. All of our leases are "triple-net" leases, which require the operators (we use the term "operator" to refer to our tenants and mortgagors and their affiliateswho manage and/or operate our properties) to pay all property-related expenses. Our mortgage revenue derives from fixed rate mortgage loans, which are secured by first mortgage liens on the underlying real estate and personal property of the mortgagor. Our other investment income derives from fixed and variable rate loans to our operators and/or their principals to fund working capital and capital expenditures. These loans, which may be either unsecured or secured by the collateral of the borrower, are classified as other investments.
COVID-19 Pandemic Update
For the year endedDecember 31, 2020 and for the first quarter of 2021, we have collected substantially all of the contractual rents owed to us from our operators (other than operators under a forbearance agreement prior to the pandemic). However, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on our operators. As ofApril 27, 2021 , our operators reported cases of COVID-19 within 212, or 22%, of our 949 operating facilities as ofDecember 31, 2020 , which includes cases involving employees and residents. This represents a meaningful decline in cases from the 614 facilities with cases, or 64% of our 959 operating facilities, that our operators reported as ofDecember 22, 2020 . We caution that we have not independently validated such facility virus incidence information, it may be reported on an inconsistent basis by our operators, and we can provide no assurance regarding its accuracy or that there have not been any changes since the time the information was obtained from our operators; we also undertake no duty to update this information. While we believe the decline in reported cases noted above is due in large part to vaccination programs for COVID-19 which have been implemented in many of our facilities, it remains uncertain when and to what extent these vaccination programs will continue to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 in our facilities, or how effective existing vaccines will be against variants of the COVID-19 virus. The impact of these programs will depend in part on the continued speed, distribution, efficacy and delivery of the vaccine in our facilities, as well as participation levels in vaccination programs among the residents and employees of our operators. Our operators have reported considerable variation in participation levels among both employees and residents, which may change over time as additional vaccination clinics are held. 34
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In addition to experiencing outbreaks of positive cases and deaths of residents and employees during the pandemic, our operators have been required to, and continue to, adapt their operations rapidly throughout the pandemic to manage the spread of the COVID-19 virus as well as the implementation of new treatments and vaccines, and to implement new requirements relating to infection control, personal protective equipment ("PPE"), quality of care, visitation protocols, staffing levels, and reporting, among other regulations, throughout the pandemic. Many of our operators have reported incurring significant cost increases as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, with dramatic increases for facilities with positive cases. We believe these increases primarily stem from elevated labor costs, including increased use of overtime and bonus pay, as well as a significant increase in both the cost and usage of PPE, testing equipment and processes and supplies, as well as implementation of new infection control protocols and vaccination programs. In addition, many of our operators have reported experiencing declines, in some cases that are material, in occupancy levels as a result of the pandemic, which declines on average appear to be stabilizing. We believe these declines may be in part due to COVID-19 related fatalities at the facilities, the delay of SNF placement and/or utilization of alternative care settings for those with lower level of care needs, the suspension and/or postponement of elective hospital procedures, fewer discharges from hospitals to SNFs and higher hospital readmittances from SNFs. While substantial government support, primarily through the federal CARES Act in theU.S. and distribution of PPE, vaccines and testing equipment by federal and state governments, has been allocated to SNFs and to a lesser extent to ALFs, further government support will likely be needed to continue to offset these impacts. It is unclear whether and to what extent such government support will continue to be sufficient and timely to offset these impacts. In particular, it remains unclear as to whether unallocated funds under theProvider Relief Fund will be distributed to our operators in any meaningful way, whether additional funds will be added to theProvider Relief Fund or otherwise allocated to health care operators or our operators, or whether additional Medicaid funds under the recently enacted American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (the "American Rescue Plan Act") in theU.S. will ultimately support reimbursement to our operators. Further, to the extent the cost and occupancy impacts on our operators continue or accelerate and are not offset by continued government relief that is sufficient and timely, we anticipate that the operating results of certain of our operators would be materially and adversely affected, some may be unwilling or unable to pay their contractual obligations to us in full or on a timely basis and we may be unable to restructure such obligations on terms as favorable to us as those currently in place. Citing in part the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and uncertainties regarding the continuing availability of sufficient government support, during the third and fourth quarters of 2020, four of our operators indicated in their financial statements substantial doubt regarding their ability to continue as going concerns. There are a number of uncertainties we face as we consider the potential impact of COVID-19 on our business, including how long census disruption and elevated COVID-19 costs will last, the impact of vaccination programs and participation levels in those programs in reducing the spread of COVID-19 in our facilities, and the extent to which funding support from the federal government and the states will continue to offset these incremental costs as well as lost revenues. Notwithstanding vaccination programs, we expect that heightened clinical protocols for infection control within facilities will continue for some period; however, we do not know if future reimbursement rates or equipment provided by governmental agencies will be sufficient to cover the increased costs of enhanced infection control and monitoring. While we continue to believe that longer term demographics will drive increasing demand for needs-based skilled nursing care, we expect the uncertainties to our business described above to persist at least for the near term until we can gain more information as to the level of costs our operators will continue to experience and for how long, and the level of additional governmental support that will be available to them, the potential support our operators may request from us and the future demand for needs-based skilled nursing care and senior living facilities. We continue to monitor the impact of occupancy declines at many of our operators, and it remains uncertain whether and when demand and occupancy levels will return to pre-COVID-19 levels. We continue to monitor the impacts of other regulatory changes, as discussed in Item 1. Business - Government Regulation and Reimbursement, including any significant limits on the scope of services reimbursed and on reimbursement rates and fees, which could have a material adverse effect on an operator's results of operations and financial condition, which could adversely affect the operator's ability to meet its obligations to us. 35
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Government Regulation and Reimbursement
The healthcare industry is heavily regulated. Our operators, which are primarily based in theU.S. , are subject to extensive and complex federal, state and local healthcare laws and regulations; we also have severalU.K. -based operators that are impacted by a variety of laws and regulations in their jurisdiction. These laws and regulations are subject to frequent and substantial changes resulting from the adoption of new legislation, rules and regulations, and administrative and judicial interpretations of existing law. The ultimate timing or effect of these changes, which may be applied retroactively, cannot be predicted. Changes in laws and regulations impacting our operators, in addition to regulatory non-compliance by our operators, can have a significant effect on the operations and financial condition of our operators, which in turn may adversely impact us. There is the potential that we may be subject directly to healthcare laws and regulations because of the broad nature of some of these regulations, such as the Anti-kickback Statute and False Claims Act, among others. The following information supplements and updates, and should be read in conjunction with, the information contained under the caption "Item 1. Business - Government Regulation and Reimbursement" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year endedDecember 31, 2020 . Except as discussed below, there have been no changes to the matters discussed therein that we believe materially impact us. TheU.S. Department of Health and Human Services ("HHS") declared a public health emergency onJanuary 31, 2020 following theWorld Health Organization's decision to declare COVID-19 a public health emergency of international concern. This declaration, which has been extended throughJuly 20, 2021 , allows HHS to provide temporary regulatory waivers and new reimbursement rules designed to equip providers with flexibility to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic by suspending various Medicare patient coverage criteria and documentation and care requirements, including, for example, suspension of the three-day prior hospital stay coverage requirement and expanding the list of approved services which may be provided via telehealth. These regulatory actions could contribute to a change in census volumes and skilled nursing mix that may not otherwise have occurred. It remains uncertain when federal and state regulators will resume enforcement of those regulations which are waived or otherwise not being enforced during the public health emergency due to the exercise of enforcement discretion. These temporary changes to regulations and reimbursement, as well as emergency legislation, including the CARES Act enacted onMarch 27, 2020 and discussed below, continue to have a significant impact on the operations and financial condition of our operators. The extent of the COVID-19 pandemic's effect on the Company's and our operators' operational and financial performance will depend on future developments, including the sufficiency and timeliness of additional governmental relief, the duration, spread and intensity of the outbreak, the impact of new vaccine distributions on our operators and their populations, as well as the difference in how the pandemic may impact SNFs in contrast to ALFs, all of which developments and impacts are uncertain and difficult to predict. Due to these uncertainties, we are not able at this time to estimate the effect of these factors on our business; however, the adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows could be material. A significant portion of our operators' revenue is derived from government-funded reimbursement programs, consisting primarily of Medicare and Medicaid. As federal and state governments continue to focus on healthcare reform initiatives, efforts to reduce costs by government payors will likely continue. Significant limits on the scope of services reimbursed and/or reductions of reimbursement rates could therefore have a material adverse effect on our operators' results of operations and financial condition. Additionally, new and evolving payor and provider programs that are tied to quality and efficiency could adversely impact our tenants' and operators' liquidity, financial condition or results of operations, and there can be no assurance that payments under any of these government health care programs are currently, or will be in the future, sufficient to fully reimburse the property operators for their operating and capital expenses. The following is a discussion of recent developments regarding certainU.S. laws and regulations generally applicable to our operators, and in certain cases, to us, and their impact. This discussion supplements and should be read in conjunction with the information under the heading "Item 1. Business - Government Regulation and Reimbursement" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year endedDecember 31, 2020 . 36
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Reimbursement Changes Related to COVID-19:
U.S. Federal Stimulus Funds, through theCARES Act and Provider Relief Fund , Appropriating$178 Billion to Health Care Providers. In response to the pandemic,Congress enacted a series of economic stimulus and relief measures throughout 2020. OnMarch 18, 2020 , the Families First Coronavirus Response Act was enacted in theU.S. , providing a temporary 6.2% increase to each qualifying state and territory's Medicaid Federal Medical Assistance Percentage ("FMAP") effectiveJanuary 1, 2020 . The temporary FMAP increase will extend through the last day of the calendar quarter in which the public health emergency terminates. States will make individual determinations about how this additional Medicaid reimbursement will be applied to SNFs, if at all. In a further response to the pandemic, the CARES Act authorized approximately$178 Billion to be distributed through thePublic Health and Social Services Emergency Fund ("Provider Relief Fund ") to reimburse eligible healthcare providers for health care related expenses or lost revenues that are attributable to coronavirus.The Provider Relief Fund is administered under the broad authority and discretion of HHS and recipients are not required to repay distributions received to the extent they are used in compliance with applicable requirements. HHS began distributingProvider Relief Fund grants inApril 2020 and has made grants available to various provider groups in three general phases. InMay 2020 , HHS announced that approximately$9.5 Billion in targeted distributions would be made available to eligible skilled nursing facilities, approximately$2.5 Billion of which were composed of performance-based incentive payments tied to a facility's infection rate. Approximately$8.5 billion in additional funds were added to theProvider Relief Fund through the American Rescue Plan Act enacted onMarch 11, 2021 ; however, these funds are limited to rural providers and suppliers. As ofMarch 15, 2021 , based on data published by HHS, it appears that less than$29 billion of theProvider Relief Fund remains unallocated. HHS continues to evaluate and provide allocations of, and issue regulations and guidance regarding, grants made under the CARES Act and related legislation. There are substantial uncertainties regarding the extent to which our operators will receive funds which have not been allocated, whether additional funds will be allocated to theProvider Relief Fund , health care providers or senior care providers and whether additional payments will be distributed to providers, the financial impact of receiving any of these funds on their operations or financial condition, and whether operators will be able to meet the compliance requirements associated with the funds. HHS continues to evaluate and provide allocations of, and issue regulation and guidance regarding, grants made under the CARES Act. The CARES Act and related legislation also made other forms of financial assistance available to healthcare providers, which have the potential to impact our operators to varying degrees. This assistance includes Medicare and Medicaid payment adjustments and an expansion of the Medicare Accelerated and Advance Payment Program, which made available accelerated payments of Medicare funds in order to increase cash flow to providers. These payments are loans that providers must repay. Additionally, CMS suspended Medicare sequestration payment adjustments, which would have otherwise reduced payments to Medicare providers by 2%, fromMay 1, 2020 throughDecember 31, 2021 , but also extended sequestration through 2030. While not limited to healthcare providers, the CARES Act additionally provided payroll tax relief for employers, allowing them to defer payment of employerSocial Security taxes that are otherwise owed for wage payments made afterMarch 27, 2020 throughDecember 31, 2020 toDecember 31, 2021 with respect to 50% of the payroll taxes owed, with the remaining 50% deferred untilDecember 31, 2022 . 37
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Quality of
In addition to COVID-19 reimbursement changes, several regulatory initiatives announced in 2020 and the first quarter of 2021 focused on addressing quality of care in long-term care facilities, including those related to COVID-19 testing and infection control protocols, vaccine protocols, staffing levels, reporting requirements, and visitation policies, as well as increased inspection of nursing homes. For example, recent updates to the Nursing Home Care website and the Five Star Quality Rating System include revisions to the inspection process, adjustment of staffing rating thresholds and the implementation of new quality measures. Although the American Rescue Plan Act did not allocate specific funds to SNF or assisted living facility providers, approximately$200 million was allocated to quality improvement organizations to provide infection control and vaccination uptake support to SNFs. OnJune 16, 2020 , theU.S. House of Representatives Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis announced the launch of an investigation into the COVID-19 response of nursing homes and the use of federal funds by nursing homes during the pandemic. The Select Subcommittee continued to be active throughout the remainder of 2020 and the first quarter of 2021. InMarch 2021 , the Oversight Subcommittee of theHouse Ways and Means Committee held a hearing on examining the impact of private equity in theU.S. health care system, including the impact on quality of care provided within the skilled nursing industry. These hearings could result in legislation imposing additional requirements on our operators. Reimbursement Generally: Medicaid. The American Rescue Plan Act contains several provisions designed to increase coverage, expand benefits, and adjust federal financing for state Medicaid programs. For example, the American Rescue Plan Act increases the FMAP by 10 percentage points for state home and community-based services expenditures beginningApril 1, 2021 throughMarch 30, 2022 in an effort to assist seniors and people with disabilities to receive services safely in the community rather than in nursing homes and other congregate care settings. As a condition for receiving the FMAP increase, states must enhance, expand, or strengthen their Medicaid home and community-based services program during this period. These potential enhancements to Medicaid reimbursement funding may be offset in certain states by state budgetary concerns, the ability of the state to allocate matching funds and to comply with the new requirements, the potential for increased enrollment in Medicaid due to unemployment and declines in family incomes resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, and the potential allocation of state Medicaid funds available for reimbursement away from SNFs in favor of home and community-based programs. These challenges may particularly impact us in states where we have a larger presence, includingFlorida andTexas . InTexas in particular, several of our operators have historically experienced lower operating margins on their SNFs, as compared to other states, as a result of lower Medicaid reimbursement rates and higher labor costs. Since our operators' profit margins on Medicaid patients are generally relatively low, more than modest reductions in Medicaid reimbursement or an increase in the percentage of Medicaid patients has in the past and may in the future adversely affect our operators' results of operations and financial condition, which in turn could adversely impact us. Medicare. Payments to providers continue to be increasingly tied to quality and efficiency. The Patient Driven Payment Model ("PDPM"), which was designed by CMS to improve the incentives to treat the needs of the whole patient, became effectiveOctober 1, 2019 . Prior to COVID-19, we believed that certain of our operators could realize efficiencies and cost savings from increased concurrent and group therapy under PDPM and some had reported early positive results. Given the ongoing impacts of COVID-19, many operators are and may continue to be restricted from pursuing concurrent and group therapy and unable to realize these benefits. Additionally, our operators continue to adapt to the reimbursement changes and other payment reforms resulting from the value based purchasing programs applicable to SNFs under the 2014 Protecting Access to Medicare Act, which became effective onOctober 1, 2018 . These reimbursement changes have had and may, together with any further reimbursement changes to PDPM, in the future have an adverse effect on the operations and financial condition of some operators and could adversely impact the ability of operators to meet their obligations to us. 38
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SNFs are under intense scrutiny for ensuring the quality of care being rendered to residents and appropriate billing practices conducted by the facility.The Department of Justice ("DOJ") has historically used the False Claims Act to civilly pursue nursing homes that bill the federal government for services not rendered or care that is grossly substandard. For example,California prosecutors announced inMarch 2021 an investigation into a skilled nursing provider that is affiliated with one of our operators, alleging the chain manipulated the submission of staffing level data in order to improve its Five Star rating. In 2020, the DOJ launched a National Nursing Home Initiative to coordinate and enhance civil and criminal enforcement actions against nursing homes with grossly substandard deficiencies. Such enforcement activities are unpredictable and may develop over lengthy periods of time. An adverse resolution of any of these enforcement activities or investigations incurred by our operators may involve injunctive relief and/or substantial monetary penalties, either or both of which could have a material adverse effect on their reputation, business, results of operations and cash flows.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") inthe United States , and a summary of our significant accounting policies is included in Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year endedDecember 31, 2020 . Our preparation of the financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and accompanying footnotes. Future events and their effects cannot be determined with absolute certainty. Therefore, the determination of estimates requires the exercise of judgment. Actual results inevitably will differ from those estimates, and such differences may be material to the consolidated financial statements. We have described our most critical accounting policies in our 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year endedDecember 31, 2020 , in Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies or estimates sinceDecember 31, 2020 . See also Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. Results of Operations
The following is our discussion of the consolidated results of operations, financial position and liquidity and capital resources, which should be read in conjunction with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes.
Three Months Ended
Revenues
Our revenues for the three months endedMarch 31, 2021 totaled$273.8 million , an increase of approximately$20.7 million over the same period in 2020. The$20.7 million increase was primarily the result of (i) a$26.8 million increase in rental income resulting from facility acquisitions, facilities placed in service, and facility transitions, (ii) a$4.9 million increase in rental income resulting from the acceleration of certain in-place lease liabilities, and (iii) a$1.0 million increase in other investment income primarily related to new mortgages or notes and additional funding to existing operators. These increases were partially offset by (i) a$8.6 million decrease in rental income resulting from placing operators on cash basis of revenue recognition and (ii) a$3.6 million decrease in rental income resulting from facility sales and facility transitions. 39 Table of Contents Expenses
Expenses for the three months endedMarch 31, 2021 totaled$191.2 million , an increase of approximately$28.8 million over the same period in 2020. The$28.8 million increase was primarily due to: (i) a$25.1 million increase in impairment on real estate properties related to four facilities in the first quarter of 2021 (compared to three facilities during the same period in 2020) to reduce their book values to their estimated fair value less costs to sell or fair value, (ii) a$3.1 million increase in interest expense primarily resulting from the issuance during the fourth quarter of 2020 of the$700 million of Senior Notes due 2031 and the issuance during the first quarter of 2021 of the$700 million of Senior Notes due 2033, partially offset by the retirement of term loans in the fourth quarter of 2020, (iii) a$2.2 million increase in depreciation expense primarily resulting from facility acquisitions and capital additions, offset by facility sales and facilities reclassified to assets held for sale, and (iv) a$2.0 million increase in acquisition, merger and transition related costs primarily resulting from the Daybreak transition. These increases were partially offset by (i) a$1.0 million recovery for credit losses primarily resulting from decreases in average time to maturity, decreases in loss rates, and decreases in loan balances compared to a$1.5 million provision for credit losses during the same period in 2020 and (ii) a$0.9 million decrease in real estate taxes primarily related to facility sales and transitions.
Other Income (Expense)
For the three months endedMarch 31, 2021 , total other income was$70.9 million , an increase of approximately$69.9 million over the same period in 2020. The increase was mainly due to a$98.5 million increase in gain on assets sold related to the sale of 24 facilities in the first quarter of 2021 compared to the sale of six facilities during the same period in 2020 offset by a$29.7 million increase in loss on debt extinguishment primarily related to fees, premiums, and expenses related to the purchase of$350 million of the 4.375% Senior Notes due 2023 during the first quarter of 2021. National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts Funds From Operations
Our funds from operations ("Nareit FFO") for the three months ended
We calculate and report Nareit FFO in accordance with the definition of Funds from Operations and interpretive guidelines issued by theNational Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts ("Nareit"), and, consequently, Nareit FFO is defined as net income (computed in accordance with GAAP), adjusted for the effects of asset dispositions and certain non-cash items, primarily depreciation and amortization and impairment on real estate assets, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures and changes in the fair value of warrants. Adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures are calculated to reflect funds from operations on the same basis. We believe that Nareit FFO is an important supplemental measure of our operating performance. Because the historical cost accounting convention used for real estate assets requires depreciation (except on land), such accounting presentation implies that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time, while real estate values instead have historically risen or fallen with market conditions. Nareit FFO was designed by the real estate industry to address this issue. Nareit FFO herein is not necessarily comparable to Nareit FFO of other REITs that do not use the same definition or implementation guidelines or interpret the standards differently from us. 40
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Nareit FFO is a non-GAAP financial measure. We use Nareit FFO as one of several criteria to measure the operating performance of our business. We further believe that by excluding the effect of depreciation, amortization, impairment on real estate assets and gains or losses from sales of real estate, all of which are based on historical costs and which may be of limited relevance in evaluating current performance, Nareit FFO can facilitate comparisons of operating performance between periods and between other REITs. We offer this measure to assist the users of our financial statements in evaluating our financial performance under GAAP, and Nareit FFO should not be considered a measure of liquidity, an alternative to net income or an indicator of any other performance measure determined in accordance with GAAP. Investors and potential investors in our securities should not rely on this measure as a substitute for any GAAP measure, including net income. The following table presents our Nareit FFO results for the three months endedMarch 31, 2021 and 2020: Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 2020 (in thousands) Net income$ 164,366 $ 92,279
Deduct gain from real estate dispositions (100,342)
(1,838)
Deduct gain from real estate dispositions - unconsolidated joint ventures (14,924)
(117)
49,100
90,324
Elimination of non-cash items included in net income: Depreciation and amortization
84,849
82,643
Depreciation - unconsolidated joint ventures 3,361
3,632
Add back impairments on real estate properties 28,689
3,639
Add back impairments on real estate properties - unconsolidated joint ventures 4,178
-
Add back unrealized loss on warrants 72
775 Nareit FFO$ 170,249 $ 181,013
Portfolio and Recent Developments
The following table summarizes the significant asset acquisitions that occurred during the first three months of 2021:
Number of Total Initial Facilities Country/ Investment Annual
Period SNF ALF Specialty State
(in millions) Cash Yield(1) Q1 - 17 7 AZ, CA, FL, IL, NJ, OR, PA, TN, TX, VA, WA $ 511.3 (2) 8.43 % Q1 6 - - FL 83.1 9.25 % Total 6 17 7 $ 594.4
(1) The initial annual cash yield reflects the initial cash rent divided by the
purchase price.
On
(2) Inc. The acquisition involved the assumption of an in-place master lease with
Brookdale Senior Living Inc.
Other Recent Developments
OnApril 30, 2021 , the Company closed a new four-year$1.45 billion senior unsecured credit facility ("Credit Facility"). The Credit Facility replaced a$1.25 billion senior unsecured credit facility that was scheduled to mature onMay 25, 2021 .
On
41 Table of Contents Asset Held for Sale
As of
Asset Sales, Impairments, Contractual Receivables and Other Receivables and Lease Inducements
Asset Sales
During the first quarter of 2021, we sold 24 facilities subject to operating leases for approximately$188.3 million in net cash proceeds, recognizing a net gain of approximately$100.3 million .
Impairments
During the first quarter of 2021, we recorded impairments on real estate properties of approximately$28.7 million on four facilities (three were subsequently reclassified to assets held for sale). Our recorded impairments were primarily the result of decisions to exit certain non-strategic facilities and/or operators. We reduced the net book value of the impaired facilities to their estimated fair values or, with respect to the facilities reclassified to held for sale, to their estimated fair values less costs to sell. To estimate the fair value of the facilities, we utilized a market approach which considered binding sale agreements (a Level 1 input) and/or non-binding offers from unrelated third parties and/or broker quotes (a Level 3 input).
Contractual Receivables, Other Receivables and Lease Inducements
A summary of our net receivables by type is as follows:
March 31, December 31, 2021 2020 (in thousands) Contractual receivables - net$ 11,428 $ 10,408
Effective yield interest receivables
143,599 139,046 Lease inducements 81,186 83,425 Other receivables and lease inducements$ 236,669 $ 234,666 During the first quarter of 2021, we wrote-off approximately$2.7 million of straight-line rent receivables to rental income as a result of transitioning one facility and placing one operator on a cash basis due to changes in our evaluation of the collectibility of future rent payments due under the lease agreement. Other Investments Genesis OnMarch 6, 2018 , we amended certain terms of our$48.0 million secured term loan with Genesis. The$48.0 million term loan bears interest at a fixed rate of 14% per annum, of which 9% per annum is paid-in-kind and was initially scheduled to mature onJuly 29, 2020 . The maturity date of this loan was extended during the first quarter of 2021 toJanuary 1, 2024 . This term loan (and the$16.0 million term loan discussed below) is secured by a first priority lien on and security interest in certain collateral of Genesis. As ofMarch 31, 2021 , approximately$66.7 million is outstanding on this term loan. 42
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Also onMarch 6, 2018 , we provided Genesis an additional$16.0 million secured term loan bearing interest at a fixed rate of 10% per annum, of which 5% per annum is paid-in-kind, and was initially scheduled to mature onJuly 29, 2020 . The maturity date of this loan was extended during the first quarter of 2021 toJanuary 1, 2024 . As ofMarch 31, 2021 , approximately$18.6 million is outstanding on this term loan.
Daybreak
During the first quarter of 2021, we transitioned 14 Daybreak facilities to existing operators and sold two Daybreak facilities. As ofMarch 31, 2021 , we had two remaining Daybreak facilities with a net book value of approximately$0.7 million , which we expect to sell during the second quarter of 2021. The total annual rent or rent equivalents achieved through transitioning the Daybreak portfolio equal$16.6 million . OnApril 6, 2021 , we terminated the Daybreak master lease and exited that relationship.
We continue to closely monitor the performance of all of our operators, as well as industry trends and developments generally.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
At
Financing Activities and Borrowing Arrangements
InMarch 2021 , we issued$700 million aggregate principal amount of our 3.250% Senior Notes due 2033 (the "2033 Senior Notes"). The 2033 Senior Notes mature onApril 15, 2033 . The 2033 Senior Notes were sold at an issue price of 99.304% of their face value before the underwriters' discount. We used the proceeds from this offering to pay down outstanding borrowings on the Revolving Line of Credit, repay the Sterling term loan, and fund the tender offer to purchase$350 million of the 4.375% Senior Notes due 2023 and the payment of accrued interest and related fees, premiums and expenses. In connection with this transaction, we recorded approximately$29.7 million in related fees, premiums, and expenses which were recorded as Loss on debt extinguishment in our Consolidated Statement of Operations.
OnMarch 27, 2020 , we entered into five forward starting swaps totaling$400 million . We designated the forward starting swaps as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk associated with interest payments on a forecasted issuance of fixed rate long-term debt, initially expected to occur within the next five years. The swaps are effective onAugust 1, 2023 and expire onAugust 1, 2033 and were issued at a fixed rate of approximately 0.8675%. InMarch 2021 , in conjunction with the issuance of$700 million aggregate principal amount of our 3.25% Senior Notes due 2033, we discontinued hedge accounting for these five forward starting swaps. Amounts reported in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income related to these discontinued cash flow hedging relationships will be reclassified to interest expense over a ten year term. Simultaneously, we re-designated these swaps in new cash flow hedging relationships of interest rate risk associated with interest payments on another forecasted issuance of long-term debt. We are hedging our exposure to the variability in future cash flows for forecasted transactions over a maximum period of 46 months (excluding forecasted transactions related to the payment of variable interest on existing financial instruments). 43 Table of Contents
£174 Million Foreign Exchange Forward Starting Swaps
From the issuance date of our GBP borrowings through the prepayment date inMarch 2021 , we used a nonderivative, GBP-denominated term loan and line of credit totaling £174 million to hedge a portion of our net investments in foreign operations. DuringMarch 2021 and concurrent with the settlement of our GBP-denominated term loan and repayment of our GBP denominated borrowings under our line of credit, we entered into four foreign currency forwards that mature onMarch 8, 2024 to hedge a portion of our net investments in foreign operations, effectively replacing the terminated net investment hedge. For these derivatives that are designated and qualify as net investment hedges, the gain or loss on the derivative is reported in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income as part of the cumulative translation adjustment. Amounts are reclassified out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into earnings when the hedged net investment is either sold or substantially liquidated. Certain of our other secured and unsecured borrowings are subject to customary affirmative and negative covenants, including financial covenants. As ofMarch 31, 2021 andDecember 31, 2020 , we were in compliance with all affirmative and negative covenants, including financial covenants, for our secured and unsecured borrowings.
Supplemental Guarantor Information
Parent has issued approximately$4.9 billion aggregate principal of senior notes outstanding atMarch 31, 2021 that were registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The senior notes are guaranteed by Omega OP. TheSEC adopted amendments to Rule 3-10 of Regulation S-X and created Rule 13-01 to simplify disclosure requirements related to certain registered securities, such as our senior notes. As a result of these amendments, registrants are permitted to provide certain alternative financial and non-financial disclosures, to the extent material, in lieu of separate financial statements for subsidiary issuers and guarantors of registered debt securities. Accordingly, separate consolidated financial statements of Omega OP have not been presented. Parent and Omega OP, on a combined basis, have no material assets, liabilities or operations other than financing activities (including borrowings under the senior unsecured revolving and term loan credit facility, Omega OP term loan and the outstanding senior notes) and their investments in non-guarantor subsidiaries. Omega OP is currently the sole guarantor of our senior notes. The guarantees by Omega OP of our senior notes are full and unconditional and joint and several with respect to the payment of the principal and premium and interest on our senior notes. The guarantees of Omega OP are senior unsecured obligations of Omega OP that rank equal with all existing and future senior debt of Omega OP and are senior to all subordinated debt. However, the guarantees are effectively subordinated to any secured debt of Omega OP. As ofMarch 31, 2021 , there were no significant restrictions on the ability of Omega OP to make distributions to Omega.
The table below presents information regarding the shares issued under the
Equity Shelf Program for the three months ended
Shares issued Average Price Net Proceeds
Three Months Ended (in millions) Per Share (in millions)
March 31, 2020 0.1 $ 37.58 $ 1.8 March 31, 2021 1.6 37.16 60.1 44 Table of Contents
Dividend Reinvestment and Common Stock Purchase Plan
The table below presents information regarding the shares issued under the
Dividend Reinvestment and Common Stock Purchase Plan for the three months ended
Shares issued Gross Proceeds
Three Months Ended (in millions) (in millions)
March 31, 2020 0.1 $ 3.7 March 31, 2021 0.4 15.5 Commitments We have committed to fund the construction of new leased and mortgaged facilities, capital improvements and other commitments. We expect the funding of these commitments to be completed over the next several years. Our remaining commitments atMarch 31, 2021 , are outlined in the table below (in thousands): Total commitments$ 596,615 Amounts funded to date (1) (454,837) Remaining commitments (2)$ 141,778
(1) Includes finance costs.
(2) This amount excludes our remaining commitments to fund under our other
investments of approximately
Dividends
As a REIT, we are required to distribute dividends (other than capital gain dividends) to our stockholders in an amount at least equal to (A) the sum of (i) 90% of our "REIT taxable income" (computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and our net capital gain), and (ii) 90% of the net income (after tax), if any, from foreclosure property, minus (B) the sum of certain items of non-cash income. In addition, if we dispose of any built-in gain asset during a recognition period, we will be required to distribute at least 90% of the built-in gain (after tax), if any, recognized on the disposition of such asset. Such distributions must be paid in the taxable year to which they relate, or in the following taxable year if declared before we timely file our tax return for such year and paid on or before the first regular dividend payment after such declaration. In addition, such distributions are required to be made pro rata, with no preference to any share of stock as compared with other shares of the same class, and with no preference to one class of stock as compared with another class except to the extent that such class is entitled to such a preference. To the extent that we do not distribute all of our net capital gain or do distribute at least 90%, but less than 100% of our "REIT taxable income" as adjusted, we will be subject to tax thereon at regular ordinary and capital gain corporate tax rates. For the three months endedMarch 31, 2021 , we paid dividends of approximately$158.3 million to our common stockholders. OnFebruary 16, 2021 , we paid dividends of$0.67 per outstanding common share to the common stockholders of record as of the close of business onFebruary 8, 2021 .
Liquidity
We believe our liquidity and various sources of available capital, including cash from operations, our existing availability under our credit facilities, existing equity sales programs, facility sales and expected proceeds from mortgage and other investment payoffs are adequate to finance operations, meet recurring debt service requirements and fund future investments through the
next twelve months. 45 Table of Contents
We regularly review our liquidity needs, the adequacy of cash flow from operations, and other expected liquidity sources to meet these needs. We believe our principal short-term liquidity needs are to fund:
? normal recurring expenses; ? debt service payments;
? capital improvement programs;
? common stock dividends; and
? growth through acquisitions of additional properties.
The primary source of liquidity is our cash flows from operations. Operating cash flows have historically been determined by: (i) the number of facilities we lease or have mortgages on; (ii) rental and mortgage rates; (iii) our debt service obligations; (iv) general and administrative expenses and (v) our operators' ability to pay amounts owed. The timing, source and amount of cash flows provided by or used in financing activities and in investing activities are sensitive to the capital markets environment, especially to changes in interest rates. Changes in the capital markets environment may impact the availability of cost-effective capital and affect our plans for acquisition and disposition activity. Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash totaled$55.9 million as ofMarch 31, 2021 , a decrease of$111.7 million as compared to the balance atDecember 31, 2020 . The following is a discussion of changes in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash due to operating, investing and financing activities, which are presented in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Operating Activities - Operating activities generated$176.0 million of net cash flow for the three months endedMarch 31, 2021 , as compared to$139.1 million for the same period in 2020, an increase of$36.9 million , which is primarily due to facility acquisitions and transitions, investments in mortgages and other investments, and a reduction in lease inducements provided to our operators. Investing Activities - Net cash flow from investing activities was an outflow of$396.3 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2021 , as compared to an outflow of$55.2 million for the same period in 2020. The$341.1 million change in cash flow from investing activities related primarily to a$575.4 million increase in real estate acquisitions, offset by (i) a$170.2 million increase in proceeds from the sales of real estate investments, (ii) a$35.0 million change in other investments - net, (iii) a$26.7 million decrease in investment in construction in progress and capital expenditures and (iv) a$2.5 million refund of an acquisition related deposit in the first quarter of 2021. Financing Activities - Net cash flow from financing activities was an inflow of$108.6 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2021 , as compared to an inflow of$235.2 million for the same period in 2020. The$126.6 million change in cash provided by financing activities was primarily related to (i) a$364.0 million change in our credit facility borrowings - net, (ii) a$33.8 million increase in payment of financing related costs and (iii) a$3.7 million increase in dividends paid, offset by (i) a$206.8 million change in other long-term borrowings - net, (ii) a$58.3 million increase in cash proceeds from the issuance of common stock in 2021, as compared to the same period in 2020 and (iii) a$11.7 million increase in net proceeds from our dividend reinvestment plan in 2021, as compared to the same period in 2020.
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