The following discussion and analysis of the Company's financial condition and
results of operations should be read in conjunction with our audited financial
statements and the notes related thereto which are included in "Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this annual report. Certain
information contained in the discussion and analysis set forth below includes
forward-looking statements. Our actual results may differ materially from those
anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors,
including those set forth under "Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking
Statements," "Item 1A. Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this annual report.
Overview
We are a blank check company formed under the laws of the State of Delaware on
March 25, 2021 for the purpose of effecting a merger, capital stock exchange,
asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or other similar Business
Combination with one or more businesses. We intend to effectuate our Business
Combination using cash from the proceeds of the Initial Public Offering and the
sale of the private placement warrants, our capital stock, debt or a combination
of cash, stock and debt.
Recent Developments
Appointment of new members to Board of Directors
On November 1, 2022, the Company appointed two new members to its Board of
Directors, each of whom is to be paid a fee of $125,000 for his services. Such
fees have been paid in full in December 2022.
Business Combination Agreement
On December 14, 2022, the Company ("MBSC") entered into a Business Combination
Agreement, by and among MBSC, Greenfire Resources Ltd., an Alberta corporation
("PubCo"), DE Greenfire Merger Sub Inc., a Delaware corporation and a direct,
wholly owned subsidiary of PubCo, 2476276 Alberta ULC, an Alberta corporation
and a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of PubCo, and Greenfire Resources Inc., an
Alberta corporation. The following description of the Business Combination
Agreement does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by
reference to the full text of the Business Combination Agreement, a copy of
which is included as Exhibit 2.1 in the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with
the SEC on December 20, 2022. Capitalized terms used in Current Report on Form
8-K filed with the SEC on December 20, 2022, but not otherwise defined herein
have the meanings given to them in the Business Combination Agreement.
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Conditions to the Closing
The consummation of the Transactions is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of
certain customary closing conditions, among others (i) the approval of the
Transactions and related matters by the equity holders of MBSC and Greenfire,
(ii) the absence of any laws or injunctions prohibiting the Transactions, (iii)
the accuracy (subject to agreed materiality thresholds) of the parties'
representations and warranties contained in the Business Combination Agreement,
(iv) the absence of any "Material Adverse Effect" on either MBSC or Greenfire
(as defined in the Business Combination Agreement), (v) approval for listing of
the PubCo Common Shares by the New York Stock Exchange, (vi) approval of the
Plan of Arrangement by the Alberta Court of King's Bench, and (vii) the parties'
compliance in all material respects with their respective covenants under the
Business Combination Agreement.
Termination
The Business Combination Agreement may be terminated at any time prior to the
Closing (a) by mutual written consent of MBSC and Greenfire, (b) by either MBSC
or Greenfire, if the approval of the equity holders of MBSC or Greenfire is not
obtained, (c) by either MBSC or Greenfire, if the other party has materially
breached its covenants or representations under the Business Combination
Agreement, (d) by either MBSC or Greenfire, if the Closing has not occurred on
or before September 14, 2023, subject to either party's ability to extend such
date by two three-month periods in the event that specified approvals have not
been obtained, (e) by either MBSC or Greenfire, if there is a final,
non-appealable order of a governmental authority prohibiting the consummation of
the Transactions, and (f) by MBSC if Greenfire has not delivered certain
specified financial statements by April 15, 2023.
Subscription Agreements
On December 14, 2022, concurrently with the execution of the Business
Combination Agreement, MBSC entered into subscription agreements with certain
investors, pursuant to which the Transaction Financing Investors have subscribed
for an aggregate of (i) 4,950,496 SPAC Class A Shares for an aggregate purchase
price of approximately $50,000,000 and (ii) $50,000,000 aggregate principal
amount of PubCo's 9.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2028. The Transaction
Financing will be consummated prior to or substantially concurrently with the
Closing.
Each of the PIPE Investment and the PubCo Debt Financing will be automatically
reduced based on the amount remaining in the trust account after giving effect
to the SPAC Stockholder Redemption, with the PubCo Debt Financing being reduced
first, and, if reduced in its entirety, the PIPE Investment being thereafter
reduced.
The foregoing description of the Greenfire Subscription Agreements does not
purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full
text of the form of Subscription Agreement, a copy of which is included as
Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December
20, 2022.
Greenfire Shareholder Support Agreement
On December 14, 2022, concurrently with the execution of the Business
Combination Agreement, MBSC, PubCo, Merger Sub, Canadian Merger Sub and
Greenfire entered into a Shareholder Support Agreement with certain Greenfire
shareholders (the "Greenfire Shareholder Support Agreement"), pursuant to which,
among other things, such Greenfire shareholders have agreed to vote their
Greenfire Shares to approve and adopt the Business Combination Agreement and the
Transactions.
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The foregoing description of the Greenfire Shareholder Support Agreement does
not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the
full text of the form of Shareholder Support Agreement, a copy of which is
included as Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on
December 20, 2022.
Sponsor Agreement
On December 14, 2022, concurrently with the execution of the Business
Combination Agreement, the sponsor, MBSC, PubCo and Greenfire entered into a
Sponsor Agreement (the "Sponsor Agreement"), pursuant to which, among other
things, the sponsor has agreed to (a) vote in favor of and support the Business
Combination Agreement and the Transactions, (b) consummate the sponsor Class B
Share Forfeitures and the sponsor Warrant Forfeiture in accordance with the
Business Combination Agreement and (c) make a cash payment of $1,000,000 to
Greenfire promptly following the Closing.
The foregoing description of the Sponsor Agreement does not purport to be
complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the
Sponsor Agreement, a copy of which is included as Exhibit 10.3 to the Current
Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 20, 2022.
Lock-Up Agreement
At the Closing, PubCo, the sponsor and certain Greenfire Shareholders will
become parties to a Lock-Up Agreement (the "Lock-Up Agreement"), pursuant to
which, among other things, each of the sponsor and the Greenfire Shareholders
party thereto will agree not to effect any sale or distribution of any Equity
Securities of PubCo held by any of them during the period beginning on the
Closing Date and ending on the earliest of (i) the date that is 180 days after
the Closing Date, (ii) the date on which the last reported closing price of a
PubCo Common Share equals or exceeds $12.00 per share (as adjusted for share
splits, share dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for
any twenty (20) trading days within any thirty (30)-trading day period
commencing at least seventy-five (75) days after the Closing Date and (iii) the
date on which PubCo completes a liquidation, merger, amalgamation, arrangement,
share exchange, reorganization or other similar transaction that results in all
of PubCo's shareholders having the right to exchange their shares of capital
stock for cash, securities or other property.
Investor Rights Agreement
At the Closing, PubCo, the sponsor, the other holders of SPAC Class B Shares,
the Transaction Financing Investors and certain Greenfire Shareholders will
become parties to an Investor Rights Agreement, pursuant to which, among other
things, (a) each of the sponsor, the Transaction Financing Investors and such
Greenfire Shareholders will be granted certain registration rights with respect
to their respective PubCo Common Shares and (b) the sponsor will be granted
certain board representation rights with respect to PubCo's board of directors,
in each case, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth therein.
Pursuant to the Investor Rights Agreement, the sponsor will have the right to
designate one director for appointment to the PubCo Board following the Closing,
which director will be in the class of directors up for reelection at the third
annual shareholder meeting of PubCo.
52
Investor Support Agreements
Concurrently with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, MBSC
entered into Investor Support Agreements with holders of a majority of MBSC's
outstanding public SPAC Warrants, pursuant to which, among other things, such
warrant holders agreed to vote all of the SPAC Warrants currently held by them
in favor of any amendment to the terms of the SPAC Warrants solely to amend the
terms of the SPAC Warrants together with any amendments required to give effect
thereto such that all of the SPAC Warrants shall be exchanged for $0.50 per
whole SPAC Warrant upon the Closing.
Supplemental Warrant Agreement
In accordance with the terms of the Company Warrant Agreement, as amended by the
Supplemental Warrant Agreement: (a) a certain number of Company Bond Warrants
shall be deemed to be cancelled in exchange for a cash payment from Greenfire
equal to the pro rata share of the Cash Consideration payable to holders of
Company Bond Warrants as determined in accordance with the Supplemental Warrant
Agreement; following which (b) each remaining Company Bond Warrant shall be
deemed to be exercised for Greenfire Shares pursuant to the terms of the Company
Warrant Agreement as amended by the Supplemental Warrant Agreement, and each
former holder of Company Bond Warrants shall, following the Amalgamation,
receive PubCo Common Shares as determined in accordance with the Supplemental
Warrant Agreement.
The Business Combination Agreement, the form of Subscription Agreement, the
Greenfire Shareholder Support Agreement, the Sponsor Agreement, the form of
Investor Support Agreement and the Supplemental Warrant Agreement have been
included to provide investors with information regarding their terms. They are
not intended to provide any other factual information about MBSC, Greenfire or
their respective affiliates. The representations, warranties, covenants and
agreements contained in the Business Combination Agreement, the Subscription
Agreements, the Greenfire Shareholder Support Agreement, the Sponsor Agreement,
the Investor Support Agreements and the Supplemental Warrant Agreement and the
other documents related thereto were made only for purposes of the Transactions
as of the specific dates therein, were solely for the benefit of the parties to
the Business Combination Agreement, the Subscription Agreements, the Greenfire
Shareholder Support Agreement, the Sponsor Agreement, the Investor Support
Agreements and the Supplemental Warrant Agreement, as applicable, may be subject
to limitations agreed upon by the contracting parties, including being qualified
by confidential disclosures made for the purposes of allocating contractual risk
between the parties to the Business Combination Agreement, the Subscription
Agreements, the Greenfire Shareholder Support Agreement, the Sponsor Agreement,
the Investor Support Agreements and the Supplemental Warrant Agreement, as
applicable, instead of establishing these matters as facts, and may be subject
to standards of materiality applicable to the contracting parties that differ
from those applicable to investors. Investors are not third-party beneficiaries
under the Business Combination Agreement, the Subscription Agreements, the
Greenfire Shareholder Support Agreement, the Sponsor Agreement, the Investor
Support Agreements and the Supplemental Warrant Agreement, as applicable, and
should not rely on the representations, warranties, covenants and agreements or
any descriptions thereof as characterizations of the actual state of facts or
condition of the parties thereto or any of their respective affiliates.
Moreover, information concerning the subject matter of representations and
warranties may change after the date of the Business Combination Agreement, the
Subscription Agreements, the Greenfire Shareholder Support Agreement, the
Sponsor Agreement, the Investor Support Agreements and the Supplemental Warrant
Agreement, as applicable, which subsequent information may or may not be fully
reflected in MBSC's public disclosures.
Results of Operations
We have neither engaged in any operations nor generated any revenues to date.
Our only activities from March 25, 2021 (inception) through December 31, 2022
were the search for a target company for a Business Combination and activities
in connection with the Greenfire Business Combination. We do not expect to
generate any operating revenues until after the completion of our Business
Combination. We expect to generate non-operating income in the form of dividend
and interest income on cash and marketable securities held in trust account
after the Initial Public Offering. We incur expenses as a result of being a
public company (for legal, financial reporting, accounting and auditing
compliance), as well as for due diligence expenses.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, we had a net loss of $868,561, which
consists of the operating and formation costs of $2,791,936, change in fair
value of forward purchase agreement liability of $338,517, initial loss on
subscription purchase agreement liability of $1,224,602, change in fair value of
subscription purchase agreement liability of $101,013, and income tax provision
of $900,665, offset by interest earned on marketable securities held in trust
account of $3,827,114, dividend on cash and marketable securities held in trust
account of $100,146, and unrealized gain on marketable securities held in trust
account of $560,912.
For the period from March 25, 2021 (inception) through December 31, 2021, we had
a net loss of $558,358, which consists of operating and formation costs of
$562,058 and income tax provision of $1,600, offset by unrealized gain on
marketable securities held in the trust account of $5,300.
53
Liquidity and Going Concern
On October 26, 2021, we consummated the Initial Public Offering of 30,000,000
Units at a price of $10.00 per Unit, which includes the partial exercise by the
underwriters of the over-allotment option to purchase an additional 3,900,000
Units, generating gross proceeds of $300,000,000. Simultaneously with the
closing of the Initial Public Offering, we consummated the sale of 7,526,667
private placement warrants at a price of $1.50 per private placement warrant in
a private placement to our sponsor, generating gross proceeds of $11,290,000.
Following the Initial Public Offering, the partial exercise of the
over-allotment option by the underwriters' and the sale of the Private Placement
Warrants, a total of $303,000,000 (including $3,000,000 from the proceeds of the
Private Placement Warrants) was placed in the Trust Account and we had an
initial amount of $1,524,547 of cash held outside of the Trust Account, after
payment of costs (other than $14,280,000 of deferred underwriting fees) related
to the Initial Public Offering, and available for working capital purposes. We
incurred approximately $20,634,000 in transaction costs, including $5,220,000 of
underwriting fees, $14,280,000 of deferred underwriting fees and approximately
$1,134,000 of other offering costs.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, cash used in operating activities was
$1,684,498. Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $868,561 and was
affected by change in fair value of forward purchase agreement liability of
$338,517, initial loss on subscription purchase agreement liability of
$1,224,602, change in fair value of subscription purchase agreement liability of
$101,013, and changes in operating assets and liabilities, which provided
$1,907,957 of cash from operating activities, offset by interest on marketable
securities held in trust account of $3,827,114, dividend on cash and marketable
securities held in trust account of $100,146, and unrealized gain on marketable
securities held in trust account of $560,912.
For the period from March 25, 2021 (inception) through December 31, 2021, cash
used in operating activities was $986,745. Net loss for the period from March
25, 2021 (inception) through December 31, 2021 was $558,358, unrealized gain on
marketable securities held in trust account of $5,300, and changes in operating
assets and liabilities used $423,087 of cash from operating activities.
As of December 31, 2022, we had cash and marketable securities held in the trust
account of $306,523,972. We intend to use substantially all of the funds held in
the trust account, including any amounts representing interest earned on the
trust account to complete our Business Combination. We may withdraw interest to
pay franchise and income taxes and for working capital purposes. During the year
ended December 31, 2022, the Company withdrew $2,666,000 of dividend and
interest income from the Trust account for working capital and to pay taxes.
There were no withdrawals made during the year ended December 31, 2021. Of this
amount, $1,650,000 was utilized as payment for the extension fee during the year
ended December 31, 2022. To the extent that our capital stock or debt is used,
in whole or in part, as consideration to complete our Business Combination, the
remaining proceeds held in the trust account will be used as working capital to
finance the operations of the target business or businesses, make other
acquisitions and pursue our growth strategies.
As of December 31, 2022, we had cash of $497,693 outside of the trust account.
We intend to use the funds held outside the trust account primarily to identify
and evaluate target businesses, perform business due diligence on prospective
target businesses, travel to and from the offices, plants or similar locations
of prospective target businesses or their representatives or owners, review
corporate documents and material agreements of prospective target businesses,
and structure, negotiate and complete a Business Combination.
In order to fund working capital deficiencies or finance transaction costs in
connection with a Business Combination, the sponsor, an affiliate of the
sponsor, or our officers and directors may, but are not obligated to, loan us
funds as may be required. If we complete a Business Combination, we would repay
such loaned amounts. In the event that a Business Combination does not close, we
may use a portion of the working capital held outside the trust account to repay
such loaned amounts but no proceeds from our trust account would be used for
such repayment. Up to $1,500,000 of such loans may be convertible into warrants,
at a price of $1.50 per warrant at the option of the lender. The warrants would
be identical to the private placement warrants, including as to exercise price,
exercisability and exercise period. The terms of such loans by our officers and
directors, if any, have not been determined and no written agreements exist with
respect to such loans. The loans would be repaid upon consummation of a Business
Combination, without interest.
An affiliate of the sponsor paid $192,374 of expenses on behalf of the Company
prior to the Initial Public Offering. Such advances were to be repaid by the
Company out of funds held outside the trust account and were repaid on March 30,
2022. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, there were $19,477 and $192,374
outstanding balance under due to related parties, respectively.
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Our assessment of going concern considerations was made in accordance with
Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-15, "Disclosures of Uncertainties about
an Entity's Ability to Continue as a Going Concern." We have incurred and
expects to continue to incur significant costs in pursuit of its financing and
acquisition plans. We expect that we will need to raise additional funds in
order to meet the expenditures required for operating our business, pay our
existing liabilities and pay for the costs of identifying a target business,
undertaking in-depth due diligence and negotiating a Business Combination.
Additionally, we may need to obtain additional financing either to complete our
Business Combination or because we become obligated to redeem a significant
number of our public shares upon consummation of our Business Combination, in
which case we may issue additional securities or incur debt in connection with
such Business Combination. Subject to compliance with applicable securities
laws, we would only complete such financing simultaneously with the completion
of our Business Combination. If we are unable to complete our Business
Combination because we do not have sufficient funds available to us, we will be
forced to cease operations and liquidate the trust account. In addition,
following our Business Combination, if cash on hand is insufficient, we may need
to obtain additional financing in order to meet our obligations. These
conditions raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going
concern one year from the date of our financial statements are issued.
Off-Balance Sheet Financing Arrangements
We have no obligations, assets or liabilities, which would be considered
off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2022. We do not participate in
transactions that create relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial
partnerships, often referred to as variable interest entities, which would have
been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements.
We have not entered into any off-balance sheet financing arrangements,
established any special purpose entities, guaranteed any debt or commitments of
other entities, or purchased any non-financial assets.
Contractual Obligations
We do not have any long-term debt, capital lease obligations, operating lease
obligations or long-term liabilities.
The underwriters are entitled to a deferred fee of $0.45 per Unit issued at our
initial public offering and $0.65 per Unit issued upon exercise by the
underwriters of their overallotment option, or $14,280,000 in the aggregate. The
deferred fee will be waived by the underwriters in the event that we do not
complete a Business Combination, subject to the terms of the underwriting
agreement.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity
with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported
amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and
liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and income and expenses
during the periods reported. Actual results could materially differ from those
estimates. We have not identified any critical accounting estimates, other than
the following.
Derivative Liabilities
Forward purchase agreement and subscription purchase agreement are accounted for
as liabilities in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC")
Topic 815, "Derivatives and Hedging", and presented as derivative liabilities on
the December 31, 2022 and 2021 balance sheets. The derivative liabilities were
measured at fair value at inception and on a recurring basis, which changes in
fair values are presented within change in fair value of derivative liabilities
in the statements of operations. In order to capture the market conditions
associated with the forward purchase agreement and subscription purchase
agreement derivative liabilities, the Company engaged third-party valuation firm
to conduct valuation on these derivative liabilities using Probability Weighted
Expected Return Method ("PWERM"). PWERM is a multistep process in which value is
estimated on the probability-weighted present value of various future outcomes.
Future security value under each scenario is estimated. Each outcome and related
security values are weighted based on the probability of the outcome occurring.
The security values are discounted back to the valuation date using appropriate
discount rate.
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The key inputs used for forward purchase agreement liability were as follow:
December 31, December 31,
2022 2021
Probability of business combination 90 % 100 %
Underlying common stock price $ 10.14 $ 9.87
Cash flow discount rate 3.99 % 0.08 %
Unit purchase price $ 10.00 $ 10.00
Estimated maturity date 06/20/2023 6/14/2022
Probability of forward purchase agreement being utilized 0 % 0 %
The key inputs used for subscription purchase agreement liability were as
follow:
December 14,
2022
(Initial December 31,
measurement) 2022
Probability of business combination 90 % 90 %
Underlying common stock price $ 10.10 $ 10.14
Cash flow discount rate 4.68 % 3.99 %
Unit purchase price $ 10.10 10.10
Estimated maturity date 06/20/2023 6/20/2023
Probability of subscription purchase agreement being utilized 0 % 0 %
Recent Accounting Standards
Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet
effective, accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material
effect on our financial statements.
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