DR HORTON 
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this quarterly report and with our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year endedSeptember 30, 2022 . Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis constitutes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include, but are not limited to, those described in the "Forward-Looking Statements" section following this discussion.
BUSINESS
D.R. Horton, Inc. is the largest homebuilding company inthe United States as measured by number of homes closed. We construct and sell homes through our operating divisions in 110 markets across 33 states, primarily under the names ofD.R. Horton , America's Builder,Emerald Homes ,Express Homes andFreedom Homes . Our common stock is included in the S&P 500 Index and listed on theNew York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol "DHI." Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms "D.R. Horton ," the "Company," "we" and "our" used herein refer toD.R. Horton, Inc. , aDelaware corporation, and its predecessors and subsidiaries. Our business operations consist of homebuilding, a majority-owned residential lot development company, financial services, rental and other activities. Our homebuilding operations are our core business and primarily include the construction and sale of single-family homes with sales prices generally ranging from$200,000 to more than$1,000,000 , with an average closing price of$382,600 during the six months endedMarch 31, 2023 . Approximately 90% of our home sales revenue in the six months endedMarch 31, 2023 was generated from the sale of single-family detached homes, with the remainder from the sale of attached homes, such as townhomes, duplexes and triplexes. Our position as the most geographically diverse and largest volume homebuilder inthe United States provides a strong platform for us to compete for new home sales. Our product offerings include a broad range of homes for entry-level, move-up, active adult and luxury buyers. AtMarch 31, 2023 , we owned 63% of the outstanding shares ofForestar Group Inc. (Forestar), a publicly traded residential lot development company listed on theNew York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol "FOR." Forestar is a key part of our homebuilding strategy to enhance operational and capital efficiency and returns by expanding relationships with land developers and controlling a large portion of our land and lot position through land purchase contracts. Forestar has significantly expanded its business across many of our homebuilding operating markets over the last five years. Our financial services operations provide mortgage financing and title agency services to homebuyers in many of our homebuilding markets.DHI Mortgage , our wholly-owned subsidiary, provides mortgage financing services primarily to our homebuyers and sells substantially all of the mortgages it originates and the related servicing rights to third-party purchasers after origination. Our wholly-owned subsidiary title companies serve as title insurance agents by providing title insurance policies, examination, underwriting and closing services, primarily related to our homebuilding transactions. Our rental segment consists of multi-family and single-family rental operations. The multi-family rental operations develop, construct, lease and sell residential rental properties. The single-family rental operations primarily construct and lease single-family homes within a community and then market each community for a bulk sale of rental homes. In addition to our homebuilding, Forestar, financial services and rental operations, we engage in other business activities through our subsidiaries. We conduct insurance-related operations, own water rights and other water-related assets, own non-residential real estate including ranch land and improvements and own and operate energy-related assets. The results of these operations are immaterial for separate reporting and therefore are grouped together and presented as other. 28
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OVERVIEW
During the six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , our number of homes closed decreased 3%, while our home sales revenues were essentially flat compared to the prior year period. Our consolidated revenues increased 1% to$15.2 billion in the six months endedMarch 31, 2023 compared to$15.1 billion in the prior year period. Our pre-tax income was$2.5 billion in the six months endedMarch 31, 2023 compared to$3.4 billion in the prior year period, and our pre-tax operating margin was 16.5% compared to 22.5%. Net income was$1.9 billion in the six months endedMarch 31, 2023 compared to$2.6 billion in the prior year period, and our diluted earnings per share was$5.50 compared to$7.20 . In the trailing twelve months endedMarch 31, 2023 , our return on equity (ROE) was 27.2% compared to 34.0% in the prior year period, and our homebuilding return on inventory (ROI) was 35.1% compared to 40.3%. ROE is calculated as net income attributable toD.R. Horton for the trailing twelve months divided by average stockholders' equity, where average stockholders' equity is the sum of ending stockholders' equity balances of the trailing five quarters divided by five. Homebuilding ROI is calculated as homebuilding pre-tax income for the trailing twelve months divided by average inventory, where average inventory is the sum of ending homebuilding inventory balances for the trailing five quarters divided by five. As the spring selling season began during the three months endedMarch 31, 2023 , our net sales orders increased 73% from the first quarter. Although inflationary pressures and mortgage interest rates remain elevated, demand improved during the quarter due to typical seasonal factors, coupled with our use of incentives and pricing adjustments to adapt to market conditions and higher mortgage interest rates. The disruptions in the supply chain for certain building materials and tightness in the labor market that caused our construction cycle to lengthen during the past two years have largely subsided, and our cycle times on more recent home starts are improving. Although higher interest rates and economic uncertainty may persist for some time, the supply of both new and existing homes at affordable price points remains limited, and demographics supporting housing demand remain favorable. We believe we are well-positioned to meet changing market conditions with our affordable product offerings and lot supply and will manage our home pricing, sales incentives and number of homes in inventory based on the level of homebuyer demand. Within our homebuilding land and lot portfolio, our lots controlled through purchase contracts represent 75% of the lots owned and controlled atMarch 31, 2023 compared to 77% at bothSeptember 30, 2022 andMarch 31, 2022 . We remain focused on our relationships with Forestar and other land developers across the country and expect to continue to control a substantial majority of our lot pipeline through purchase contracts. We believe our strong balance sheet and liquidity position provide us with the flexibility to operate effectively through changing economic conditions. We plan to continue to generate strong cash flows from our homebuilding operations and manage our product offerings, incentives, home pricing, sales pace and inventory levels to optimize the return on our inventory investments in each of our communities based on local housing market conditions. 29
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STRATEGY
Our operating strategy focuses on enhancing long-term value to our shareholders by leveraging our financial and competitive position to maximize the returns on our inventory investments and generate strong profitability and cash flows, while managing risk and maintaining financial flexibility to navigate changing economic conditions. Our strategy remains consistent and includes the following initiatives: •Developing and retaining highly experienced and productive teams of personnel throughout our company that are aligned and focused on continuous improvement in our operational execution and financial performance.
•Maintaining a significant cash balance and strong overall liquidity position while controlling our level of debt.
•Allocating and actively managing our inventory investments across our operating markets to diversify our geographic risk.
•Offering new home communities that appeal to a broad range of entry-level, move-up, active adult and luxury homebuyers based on consumer demand in each market.
•Modifying product offerings, sales pace, home prices and incentives as necessary in each of our markets to meet consumer demand and maintain affordability.
•Delivering high quality homes and a positive experience to our customers both during and after the sale.
•Managing our inventory of homes under construction relative to demand in each of our markets, including starting construction on unsold homes to capture new home demand and actively controlling the number of unsold, completed homes in inventory.
•Investing in lots, land and land development in desirable markets, while controlling the level of land and lots we own in each market relative to the local new home demand.
•Continuing to seek opportunities to control a significant portion of our land and finished lot position through purchase contracts with Forestar and other land developers.
•Controlling the cost of goods purchased from both vendors and subcontractors.
•Improving the efficiency of our land development, construction, sales and other key operational activities.
•Controlling our selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expense infrastructure to match production levels.
•Ensuring that our financial services business provides high quality mortgage and title services to homebuyers efficiently and effectively.
•Investing in the construction and leasing of single-family and multi-family rental properties to meet rental demand in high growth suburban markets and selling these properties profitably.
•Opportunistically evaluating potential acquisitions to enhance our operating platform.
We believe our operating strategy, which has produced positive results in recent
years, will allow us to successfully operate through changing economic
conditions and maintain our strong financial performance and competitive
position. However, we cannot provide any assurances that the initiatives listed
above will continue to be successful, and we may need to adjust parts of our
strategy to meet future market conditions.
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KEY RESULTS
Key financial results as of and for the three months ended
Homebuilding:
•Homebuilding revenues were
•Homes closed decreased 1% to 19,664 homes, while the average closing price of
those homes increased slightly to
•Net sales orders decreased 5% to 23,142 homes, and the value of net sales
orders decreased 11% to
•Sales order backlog decreased 43% to 19,237 homes, and the value of sales order
backlog decreased 44% to
•Home sales gross margin was 21.6% compared to 28.9%.
•Homebuilding SG&A expense was 7.3% of homebuilding revenues compared to 6.8%.
•Homebuilding pre-tax income was
•Homebuilding pre-tax income was 14.3% of homebuilding revenues compared to 22.0%.
•Homebuilding cash and cash equivalents totaled
•Homebuilding inventories totaled
•Homes in inventory totaled 43,600 compared to 46,400 and 59,800 at
•Owned lots totaled 136,300 compared to 131,100 and 131,200 atSeptember 30, 2022 andMarch 31, 2022 , respectively. Lots controlled through purchase contracts totaled 410,700 compared to 442,100 and 442,800 atSeptember 30, 2022 andMarch 31, 2022 , respectively.
•Homebuilding debt was
•Homebuilding debt to total capital was 11.5% compared to 13.2% and 16.4% atSeptember 30, 2022 andMarch 31, 2022 , respectively. Net homebuilding debt to total capital was 1.5% compared to 4.4% and 11.2% atSeptember 30, 2022 andMarch 31, 2022 , respectively.
Forestar:
•Forestar's revenues decreased 28% to
•Forestar's lots sold decreased 49% to 2,979 compared to 5,788. Lots sold to
•Forestar's pre-tax income was
•Forestar's pre-tax income was 11.9% of revenues compared to 15.0%.
•Forestar's cash and cash equivalents totaled
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•Forestar's inventories totaled $2.0 billion , consistent with $2.0 billion at
both September 30, 2022 and March 31, 2022 .
•Forestar's owned and controlled lots totaled 76,400 compared to 90,100 and
96,500 at September 30, 2022 and March 31, 2022 , respectively. Of these lots,
31,500 were under contract to sell to or subject to a right of first offer with
D.R. Horton compared to 36,700 at both September 30, 2022 and March 31, 2022 .
•Forestar's debt was
•Forestar's debt to total capital was 36.2% compared to 37.1% and 38.9% atSeptember 30, 2022 andMarch 31, 2022 , respectively. Forestar's net debt to total capital was 25.2% compared to 26.9% and 29.9% atSeptember 30, 2022 andMarch 31, 2022 , respectively.
Financial Services:
•Financial services revenues decreased 3% to
•Financial services pre-tax income decreased 8% to
•Financial services pre-tax income was 39.6% of financial services revenues compared to 41.8%.
Rental:
•Rental revenues were
•Rental pre-tax income was
•Rental inventory totaled
•There were no multi-family rental units closed compared to 126.
•Single-family rental homes closed totaled 721 compared to 368.
Consolidated Results:
•Consolidated revenues were
•Consolidated pre-tax income decreased 34% to
•Consolidated pre-tax income was 15.6% of consolidated revenues compared to 23.5%.
•Income tax expense was
•Net income attributable to
•Diluted net income per common share attributable to
•Stockholders' equity was
•Book value per common share increased to
•Debt to total capital was 22.4% compared to 23.8% and 24.9% at
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Key financial results for the six months ended March 31, 2023 , as compared to
the same period of 2022, were as follows:
Homebuilding:
•Homebuilding revenues were
•Homes closed decreased 3% to 37,004 homes, while the average closing price of
those homes increased 3% to
•Net sales orders decreased 20% to 36,524 homes, and the value of net sales
orders decreased 25% to
•Home sales gross margin was 22.7% compared to 28.2%.
•Homebuilding SG&A expense was 7.5% of homebuilding revenues compared to 7.1%.
•Homebuilding pre-tax income was
•Homebuilding pre-tax income was 15.2% of homebuilding revenues compared to 21.0%.
•Net cash provided by homebuilding operations was
Forestar:
•Forestar's revenues decreased 38% to
•Forestar's lots sold decreased 49% to 5,242 compared to 10,304. Lots sold to
•Forestar's pre-tax income was
•Forestar's pre-tax income was 12.3% of revenues compared to 14.1%.
Financial Services:
•Financial services revenues decreased 13% to
•Financial services pre-tax income decreased 35% to
•Financial services pre-tax income was 29.4% of financial services revenues compared to 39.3%.
Rental:
•Rental revenues were
•Rental pre-tax income was
•Multi-family rental units closed totaled 300 compared to 477.
•Single-family rental homes closed totaled 1,415 compared to 594.
Consolidated Results:
•Consolidated revenues increased 1% to
•Consolidated pre-tax income decreased 26% to
•Consolidated pre-tax income was 16.5% of consolidated revenues compared to 22.5%.
•Income tax expense was
•Net income attributable to
•Diluted net income per common share attributable to
•Net cash provided by operations was
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - HOMEBUILDING
We conduct our homebuilding operations in the geographic regions, states and
markets listed below. Our homebuilding operating divisions are aggregated into
six reporting segments, also referred to as reporting regions, which comprise
the markets below. Our financial statements and the notes thereto contain
additional information regarding segment performance.
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State Reporting Region/Market State Reporting Region/Market
Northwest Region Southeast Region (Continued)
Colorado Colorado Springs Florida Ocala
Denver Orlando
Fort Collins Pensacola/Panama City
Oregon Bend Port St. Lucie
Eugene/Springfield Tallahassee
Portland/Salem Tampa/Sarasota
Utah Salt Lake City Volusia County
St. George West Palm Beach
Washington Central Washington Louisiana Baton Rouge
Seattle/Tacoma/Everett/Olympia Lake Charles/Lafayette
Spokane Mississippi Gulf Coast
Vancouver
East Region
Southwest Region Georgia Atlanta
Arizona Phoenix Augusta
Tucson Central Georgia
California Bakersfield Savannah
Bay Area Valdosta
Fresno/Tulare North Carolina Asheville
Los Angeles County Charlotte
Modesto/Merced/Stockton Greensboro/Winston-Salem
Redding/Chico/Yuba City New Bern/Greenville
Riverside County Raleigh/Durham
Sacramento Wilmington
San Bernardino County South Carolina Charleston
Hawaii Oahu Columbia
Nevada Las Vegas Greenville/Spartanburg
Reno Hilton Head
New Mexico Albuquerque Myrtle Beach
Tennessee Chattanooga
South Central Region Knoxville
Arkansas Northwest Arkansas Memphis
Oklahoma Oklahoma City Nashville
Tulsa Northeast Tennessee
Texas Abilene
Austin North Region
Beaumont Delaware Central Delaware
Bryan/College Station Northern Delaware
Corpus Christi Illinois Chicago
Dallas Indiana Fort Wayne
Fort Worth Indianapolis
Houston Northwest Indiana
Killeen/Temple/Waco Iowa Des Moines
Lubbock Iowa City/Cedar Rapids
Midland/Odessa Kentucky Louisville
New Braunfels/San Marcos Maryland Baltimore
San Antonio Suburban Washington, D.C.
Western Maryland
Southeast Region Minnesota Minneapolis/St. Paul
Alabama Birmingham Nebraska Omaha
Huntsville New Jersey Northern New Jersey
Mobile/Baldwin County Southern New Jersey
Montgomery Ohio Cincinnati
Tuscaloosa Columbus
Florida Fort Myers/Naples Pennsylvania Central Pennsylvania
Gainesville Philadelphia
Jacksonville Virginia Northern Virginia
Lakeland Richmond
Melbourne/Vero Beach Virginia Beach/Williamsburg
Miami/Fort Lauderdale West Virginia Eastern West Virginia
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The following tables and related discussion set forth key operating and
financial data for our homebuilding operations by reporting segment as of and
for the three and six months ended
Net Sales Orders (1)
Three Months Ended March 31,
Net Homes Sold Value (In millions) Average Selling Price
% % %
2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change
Northwest 1,379 1,342 3 % $ 724.1 $ 768.1 (6) % $ 525,100 $ 572,400 (8) %
Southwest 1,995 2,595 (23) % 953.7 1,403.2 (32) % 478,000 540,700 (12) %
South Central 6,021 7,328 (18) % 1,941.5 2,511.9 (23) % 322,500 342,800 (6) %
Southeast 6,679 6,849 (2) % 2,397.5 2,640.9 (9) % 359,000 385,600 (7) %
East 4,482 3,765 19 % 1,570.8 1,413.1 11 % 350,500 375,300 (7) %
North 2,586 2,461 5 % 1,042.3 1,012.2 3 % 403,100 411,300 (2) %
23,142 24,340 (5) % $ 8,629.9 $ 9,749.4 (11) % $ 372,900 $ 400,600 (7) %
Six Months Ended March 31,
Net Homes Sold Value (In millions) Average Selling Price
% % %
2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change
Northwest 2,283 2,570 (11) % $ 1,183.9 $ 1,425.3 (17) % $ 518,600 $ 554,600 (6) %
Southwest 3,249 4,896 (34) % 1,534.2 2,587.0 (41) % 472,200 528,400 (11) %
South Central 9,827 13,190 (25) % 3,115.6 4,458.0 (30) % 317,000 338,000 (6) %
Southeast 10,596 13,243 (20) % 3,789.9 4,925.7 (23) % 357,700 371,900 (4) %
East 6,795 7,745 (12) % 2,416.4 2,868.0 (16) % 355,600 370,300 (4) %
North 3,774 4,218 (11) % 1,513.2 1,741.8 (13) % 401,000 412,900 (3) %
36,524 45,862 (20) % $ 13,553.2 $ 18,005.8 (25) % $ 371,100 $ 392,600 (5) %
Sales Order Cancellations
Three Months Ended March 31,
Cancelled Sales Orders Value (In millions) Cancellation Rate (2)
2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022
Northwest 244 139 $ 132.1 $ 73.3 15 % 9 %
Southwest 452 446 229.7 206.4 18 % 15 %
South Central 1,471 1,450 500.0 476.3 20 % 17 %
Southeast 1,532 1,397 558.3 481.6 19 % 17 %
East 860 718 316.2 249.9 16 % 16 %
North 474 358 189.1 141.2 15 % 13 %
5,033 4,508 $ 1,925.4 $ 1,628.7 18 % 16 %
Six Months Ended March 31,
Cancelled Sales Orders Value (In millions) Cancellation Rate (2)
2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022
Northwest 482 287 $ 265.5 $ 150.5 17 % 10 %
Southwest 953 889 478.9 411.7 23 % 15 %
South Central 3,178 2,789 1,102.6 910.0 24 % 17 %
Southeast 2,967 2,480 1,104.8 842.6 22 % 16 %
East 1,508 1,379 565.1 475.2 18 % 15 %
North 833 604 341.0 238.8 18 % 13 %
9,921 8,428 $ 3,857.9 $ 3,028.8 21 % 16 %
________________________
(1)Net sales orders represent the number and dollar value of new sales contracts executed with customers (gross sales orders), net of cancelled sales orders.
(2)Cancellation rate represents the number of cancelled sales orders divided by gross sales orders.
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Net Sales Orders
The number of net sales orders decreased 5% and 20% in the three and six months
ended March 31, 2023 , respectively, compared to the prior year periods. The
value of net sales orders decreased 11% to $8.6 billion (23,142 homes) and 25%
to $13.6 billion (36,524 homes) for the three and six months ended March 31,
2023 , respectively, compared to $9.7 billion (24,340 homes) and $18.0 billion
(45,862 homes) in the prior year periods. The average selling price of net sales
orders during the three and six months ended March 31, 2023 was $372,900 and
$371,100 , respectively, down 7% and 5% from the prior year periods.
As the spring selling season began during the three months ended March 31, 2023 ,
our net sales orders increased 73% from the first quarter. Although inflationary
pressures and mortgage interest rates remain elevated, demand improved during
the quarter due to typical seasonal factors, coupled with an increased use of
incentives and pricing adjustments to adapt to changing market conditions.
Although higher interest rates and economic uncertainty may persist for some
time, the supply of both new and existing homes at affordable price points
remains limited, and demographics supporting housing demand remain favorable. We
believe we are well-positioned to meet changing market conditions with our
affordable product offerings and lot supply.
The number of net sales orders decreased 5% in the three months ended March 31,
2023 compared to the prior year period. The markets contributing most to the
decreases in sales order volume were the Phoenix and Southern California markets
in the Southwest and the Dallas , San Antonio and Austin markets in the South
Central . The markets contributing most to the increase in sales order volume in
the East were the Carolina markets.
The number of net sales orders decreased 20% in the six months ended March 31,
2023 compared to the prior year period. The markets contributing most to the
decreases in sales order volume were: the Denver and Portland markets in the
Northwest; the Phoenix and Southern California markets in the Southwest; the
Dallas , Austin , Houston and San Antonio markets in the South Central ; the
Florida markets in the Southeast; the Atlanta market in the East; and the
Indianapolis market in the North.
Our sales order cancellation rate (cancelled sales orders divided by gross sales
orders for the period) was 18% and 21% in the three and six months ended
March 31, 2023 , respectively, compared to 16% in both of the prior year periods.
Sales Order Backlog
As of March 31,
Homes in Backlog Value (In millions) Average Selling Price
% % %
2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change
Northwest 745 1,353 (45) % $ 400.1 $ 737.6 (46) % $ 537,000 $ 545,200 (2) %
Southwest 1,429 4,069 (65) % 731.0 2,036.4 (64) % 511,500 500,500 2 %
South Central 5,206 10,876 (52) % 1,757.7 3,754.6 (53) % 337,600 345,200 (2) %
Southeast 6,541 9,734 (33) % 2,478.3 3,703.9 (33) % 378,900 380,500 - %
East 3,514 5,365 (35) % 1,281.5 2,045.9 (37) % 364,700 381,300 (4) %
North 1,802 2,462 (27) % 751.4 1,034.9 (27) % 417,000 420,300 (1) %
19,237 33,859 (43) % $ 7,400.0 $ 13,313.3 (44) % $ 384,700 $ 393,200 (2) %
Sales Order Backlog
Sales order backlog represents homes under contract but not yet closed at the
end of the period. Many of the contracts in our sales order backlog are subject
to contingencies, including mortgage loan approval and buyers selling their
existing homes, which can result in cancellations. A portion of the contracts in
backlog will not result in closings due to cancellations.
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Homes Closed and Home Sales Revenue
Three Months Ended March 31,
Homes Closed Value (In millions) Average Selling Price
% % %
2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change
Northwest 1,280 1,146 12 % $ 690.7 $ 636.5 9 % $ 539,600 $ 555,400 (3) %
Southwest 1,873 2,321 (19) % 905.5 1,135.0 (20) % 483,400 489,000 (1) %
South Central 5,579 5,610 (1) % 1,804.1 1,836.4 (2) % 323,400 327,300 (1) %
Southeast 5,751 5,504 4 % 2,104.6 1,946.3 8 % 366,000 353,600 4 %
East 3,352 3,469 (3) % 1,206.3 1,216.8 (1) % 359,900 350,800 3 %
North 1,829 1,778 3 % 738.5 728.2 1 % 403,800 409,600 (1) %
19,664 19,828 (1) % $ 7,449.7 $ 7,499.2 (1) % $ 378,800 $ 378,200 - %
Six Months Ended March 31,
Homes Closed Value (In millions) Average Selling Price
% % %
2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change
Northwest 2,262 2,171 4 % $ 1,210.8 $ 1,185.4 2 % $ 535,300 $ 546,000 (2) %
Southwest 3,580 4,265 (16) % 1,708.2 2,046.5 (17) % 477,200 479,800 (1) %
South Central 10,416 11,047 (6) % 3,440.2 3,528.8 (3) % 330,300 319,400 3 %
Southeast 11,038 10,828 2 % 4,099.1 3,756.5 9 % 371,400 346,900 7 %
East 6,367 6,597 (3) % 2,349.7 2,291.5 3 % 369,000 347,400 6 %
North 3,341 3,316 1 % 1,350.9 1,346.9 - % 404,300 406,200 - %
37,004 38,224 (3) % $ 14,158.9 $ 14,155.6 - % $ 382,600 $ 370,300 3 %
Home Sales Revenue
Revenues from home sales were $7.4 billion (19,664 homes closed) for the three
months ended March 31, 2023 and $7.5 billion (19,828 homes closed) in the prior
year period. Revenues from home sales were $14.2 billion for the six months
ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (37,004 homes closed and 38,224 homes closed,
respectively).
The number of homes closed was relatively flat between the periods, decreasing
1% and 3% in the three and six months ended March 31, 2023 , respectively,
compared to the prior year periods. The largest decrease in closings volume was
in our Southwest region and was primarily due to our California markets. The
largest increase in closings volume was in our Northwest region and was
primarily due to our Salt Lake City and Seattle markets.
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Homebuilding Operating Margin Analysis
Percentages of Related Revenues
Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
March 31, March 31,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Gross profit - home sales 21.6 % 28.9 % 22.7 % 28.2 %
Gross profit - land/lot sales and other 32.7 % 56.6 % 66.5 % 33.1 %
Inventory and land option charges (0.2) % (0.1) % (0.3) % (0.1) %
Gross profit - total homebuilding 21.4 % 28.8 % 22.6 % 28.1 %
Selling, general and administrative expense 7.3 % 6.8 % 7.5 % 7.1 %
Other (income) expense (0.2) % - % (0.2) % (0.1) %
Homebuilding pre-tax income 14.3 % 22.0 % 15.2 % 21.0 %
Home Sales Gross Profit
Gross profit from home sales decreased to $1.6 billion in the three months ended
March 31, 2023 from $2.2 billion in the prior year period and decreased 730
basis points to 21.6% as a percentage of home sales revenues. The percentage
decrease resulted from a decrease of 740 basis points due to the average cost of
our homes closed increasing by more than the average selling price of those
homes, partially offset by decreased warranty and construction defect costs of
10 basis points.
Gross profit from home sales decreased to $3.2 billion in the six months ended
March 31, 2023 from $4.0 billion in the prior year period and decreased 550
basis points to 22.7% as a percentage of home sales revenues. The percentage
decrease resulted from a decrease of 560 basis points due to the average cost of
our homes closed increasing by more than the average selling price of those
homes, partially offset by 10 basis points due to a decrease in the amortization
of capitalized interest.
We remain focused on managing the pricing, incentives and sales pace in each of
our communities to optimize the returns on our inventory investments and adjust
to local market conditions and new home demand. To adjust to changing market
conditions and higher mortgage interest rates, we have increased our use of
incentives, and we have reduced home prices and sizes of our home offerings
where necessary to provide better affordability to homebuyers. We expect to
continue offering a higher level of incentives throughout fiscal 2023.
Land/Lot Sales and Other Revenues
Land/lot sales and other revenues from our homebuilding operations were$19.9 million and$54.7 million in the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , respectively, and$7.6 million and$30.5 million in the comparable periods of fiscal 2022. We continually evaluate our land and lot supply, and fluctuations in revenues and profitability from land sales occur based on how we manage our inventory levels in various markets. We generally purchase land and lots with the intent to build and sell homes on them. However, some of the land that we purchase includes commercially zoned parcels that we may sell to commercial developers. We may also sell residential lots or land parcels to manage our supply or for other strategic reasons. As ofMarch 31, 2023 , our homebuilding operations had$20.4 million of land held for sale that we expect to sell in the next twelve months.
Inventory and Land Option Charges
At the end of each quarter, we review the performance and outlook for all of our communities and land inventories for indicators of potential impairment and perform detailed impairment evaluations and analyses when necessary. As a result of this review, there were$0.9 million and$5.7 million of impairments recorded in our homebuilding segment during the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , respectively. There were no impairment charges recorded in our homebuilding segment in the prior year periods. 39 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents As we manage our inventory investments across our operating markets to optimize returns and cash flows, we may modify our pricing and incentives, construction and development plans or land sale strategies in individual active communities and land held for development, which could result in the affected communities being evaluated for potential impairment. If the housing market or economic conditions are adversely affected for a prolonged period, we may be required to evaluate additional communities for potential impairment. These evaluations could result in impairment charges, which could be significant.
During the three and six months ended
Selling, General and Administrative (SG&A) Expense
SG&A expense from homebuilding activities increased 8% to$545.6 million and 7% to$1.1 billion in the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , respectively, from$507.3 million and$1.0 billion in the prior year periods. SG&A expense as a percentage of homebuilding revenues was 7.3% and 7.5% in the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , respectively, compared to 6.8% and 7.1% in the prior year periods. Employee compensation and related costs were$452.9 million and$878.2 million in the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , respectively, compared to$420.4 million and$830.1 million in the same periods of fiscal 2022. Employee compensation and related costs represented 83% and 82% of SG&A costs in the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , respectively, compared to 83% in both of the prior year periods. These costs increased 8% and 6% in the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , respectively, from the prior year periods. Our homebuilding operations employed 9,369 and 9,160 people atMarch 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
We attempt to control our homebuilding SG&A costs while ensuring that our infrastructure adequately supports our operations; however, we cannot make assurances that we will be able to maintain or improve upon the current SG&A expense as a percentage of revenues.
Interest Incurred
We capitalize interest costs incurred to inventory during active development and construction (active inventory). Capitalized interest is charged to cost of sales as the related inventory is delivered to the buyer. Interest incurred by our homebuilding operations was$19.0 million and$39.9 million in the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , respectively, compared to$25.6 million and$50.4 million in the prior year periods. Interest charged to cost of sales was 0.4% of homebuilding cost of sales (excluding inventory and land option charges) in both the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 compared to 0.5% in both of the prior year periods. Other Income Other income, net of other expenses, included in our homebuilding operations increased to$14.5 million and$27.7 million in the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , respectively, from$1.6 million and$7.9 million in the prior year periods, primarily due to an increase in interest income. Other income consists of interest income and various other types of ancillary income, gains, expenses and losses not directly associated with sales of homes, land and lots. The activities that result in this ancillary income are not significant, either individually or in the aggregate.
Business Acquisition
InDecember 2022 , we acquired the homebuilding operations ofRiggins Custom Homes inNorthwest Arkansas for approximately$107 million in cash. The assets acquired included approximately 170 homes in inventory, 3,000 lots and a sales order backlog of 100 homes. 40 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents Homebuilding Results byReporting Region Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 2022 Homebuilding Homebuilding Homebuilding Pre-tax % of Homebuilding Pre-tax % of Revenues Income (1) Revenues Revenues Income (1) Revenues (In millions) Northwest$ 691.1 $ 96.4 13.9 %$ 637.0 $ 148.2 23.3 % Southwest 920.9 81.7 8.9 % 1,135.1 226.6 20.0 % South Central 1,805.8 267.9 14.8 % 1,838.4 416.0 22.6 % Southeast 2,106.1 381.7 18.1 % 1,946.5 482.2 24.8 % East 1,206.9 183.5 15.2 % 1,219.5 265.9 21.8 % North 738.8 56.7 7.7 % 730.3 113.9 15.6 %$ 7,469.6 $ 1,067.9 14.3 %$ 7,506.8 $ 1,652.8 22.0 % Six Months Ended March 31, 2023 2022 Homebuilding Homebuilding Homebuilding Pre-tax % of Homebuilding Pre-tax % of Revenues Income (1) Revenues Revenues Income (1) Revenues (In millions) Northwest$ 1,211.5 $ 155.0 12.8 %$ 1,205.9 $ 260.0 21.6 % Southwest 1,723.9 165.7 9.6 % 2,046.7 385.9 18.9 % South Central 3,447.9 549.5 15.9 % 3,532.7 770.3 21.8 % Southeast 4,102.4 793.0 19.3 % 3,757.5 897.7 23.9 % East 2,350.8 373.0 15.9 % 2,294.3 468.2 20.4 % North 1,377.1 126.1 9.2 % 1,349.0 203.8 15.1 %$ 14,213.6 $ 2,162.3 15.2 %$ 14,186.1 $ 2,985.9 21.0 % ____________________ (1)Expenses maintained at the corporate level consist primarily of interest and property taxes, which are capitalized and amortized to cost of sales or expensed directly, and the expenses related to operating our corporate office. The amortization of capitalized interest and property taxes is allocated to each segment based on the segment's cost of sales, while expenses associated with the corporate office are allocated to each segment based on the segment's inventory balances.Northwest Region - Homebuilding revenues increased 8% in the three months and were essentially flat in the six months endedMarch 31, 2023 compared to the prior year periods. The increase for the three month period was primarily due to increases in the number of homes closed in ourSeattle andSalt Lake City markets. The region generated pre-tax income of$96.4 million and$155.0 million in the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , respectively, compared to$148.2 million and$260.0 million in the prior year periods. Gross profit from home sales as a percentage of home sales revenue (home sales gross profit percentage) decreased by 910 and 860 basis points in the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , respectively, compared to the prior year periods, primarily due to an increase in the average cost of homes closed as well as a slight decrease in the average selling price. As a percentage of homebuilding revenues, SG&A expenses were essentially flat in the three months and increased 40 basis points in the six months endedMarch 31, 2023 compared to the prior year periods, primarily due to a slight increase in SG&A expenses.Southwest Region - Homebuilding revenues decreased 19% and 16% in the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , respectively, compared to the prior year periods, due to decreases in the number of homes closed, particularly in ourCalifornia markets. The region generated pre-tax income of$81.7 million and$165.7 million in the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , respectively, compared to$226.6 million and$385.9 million in the prior year periods. Home sales gross profit percentage decreased by 960 and 770 basis points in the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , respectively, compared to the prior year periods, primarily due to the average cost of homes closed increasing while the average selling price decreased slightly. As a percentage of homebuilding revenues, SG&A expenses increased by 160 and 140 basis points in the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , respectively, compared to the prior year periods, primarily due to the decrease in homebuilding revenues. 41
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South Central Region - Homebuilding revenues decreased 2% in both the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 compared to the prior year periods, due to decreases in the number of homes closed, particularly in ourHouston market. The region generated pre-tax income of$267.9 million and$549.5 million in the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , respectively, compared to$416.0 million and$770.3 million in the prior year periods. Home sales gross profit percentage decreased by 790 and 560 basis points in the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , respectively, compared to the prior year periods, primarily due to the average cost of homes closed increasing by more than the average selling price. As a percentage of homebuilding revenues, SG&A expenses were essentially flat in the three months and increased 30 basis points in the six months endedMarch 31, 2023 compared to the prior year periods, primarily due to increases in SG&A expenses.Southeast Region - Homebuilding revenues increased 8% and 9% in the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , respectively, compared to the prior year periods, due to the increases in the average selling price of homes closed in most markets. The region generated pre-tax income of$381.7 million and$793.0 million in the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , respectively, compared to$482.2 million and$897.7 million in the prior year periods. Home sales gross profit percentage decreased by 630 and 440 basis points in the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , respectively, compared to the prior year periods, primarily due to the average cost of homes closed increasing by more than the average selling price. As a percentage of homebuilding revenues, SG&A expenses increased by 60 and 20 basis points in the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , respectively, compared to the prior year periods, primarily due to increases in SG&A expenses.East Region - Homebuilding revenues decreased 1% and increased 2% in the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , respectively, compared to the prior year periods. The region generated pre-tax income of$183.5 million and$373.0 million in the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , respectively, compared to$265.9 million and$468.2 million in the prior year periods. Home sales gross profit percentage decreased by 620 and 420 basis points in the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , respectively, compared to the prior year periods, primarily due to the average cost of homes closed increasing by more than the average selling price. As a percentage of homebuilding revenues, SG&A expenses increased by 50 and 40 basis points in the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , respectively, compared to the prior year periods, primarily due to increases in SG&A expenses.North Region - Homebuilding revenues increased 1% and 2% in the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , respectively, compared to the prior year periods. The region generated pre-tax income of$56.7 million and$126.1 million in the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , respectively, compared to$113.9 million and$203.8 million in the prior year periods. Home sales gross profit percentage decreased by 690 and 610 basis points in the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , respectively, compared to the prior year periods, primarily due to the average cost of homes closed increasing while the average selling price decreased slightly. As a percentage of homebuilding revenues, SG&A expenses increased by 110 and 90 basis points in the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , respectively, compared to the prior year periods, primarily due to increases in SG&A expenses. 42 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents HOMEBUILDING INVENTORIES, LAND AND LOT POSITION AND HOMES IN INVENTORY We routinely enter into contracts to purchase land or developed residential lots at predetermined prices on a defined schedule commensurate with planned development or anticipated new home demand. At the time of purchase, the undeveloped land is generally vested with the rights to begin development or construction work, and we plan and coordinate the development of our land into residential lots for use in our homebuilding business. We manage our inventory of owned land and lots and homes under construction relative to demand in each of our markets, including starting construction on unsold homes to capture new home demand and actively controlling the number of unsold, completed homes in inventory. Our homebuilding segment's inventories atMarch 31, 2023 andSeptember 30, 2022 are summarized as follows: March 31, 2023 Residential Land/Lots Construction in Developed and Progress and Under Land Held Land Held Finished Homes Development for Development for Sale Total Inventory (In millions) Northwest $ 769.4$ 1,005.4 $ -$ 2.2 $ 1,777.0 Southwest 1,342.6 1,661.4 6.9 9.1 3,020.0 South Central 2,088.9 1,711.1 0.3 1.1 3,801.4 Southeast 2,533.5 1,427.6 13.2 4.8 3,979.1 East 1,431.9 1,321.7 - 0.5 2,754.1 North 1,142.8 862.0 - 2.4 2,007.2 Corporate and unallocated (1) 127.9 103.8 0.3 0.3 232.3$ 9,437.0 $ 8,093.0 $ 20.7$ 20.4 $ 17,571.1 September 30, 2022 Residential Land/Lots Construction in Developed and Progress and Under Land Held Land Held Finished Homes Development for Development for Sale Total Inventory (In millions) Northwest $ 854.9$ 945.1 $ -$ 2.2 $ 1,802.2 Southwest 1,328.7 1,447.2 7.2 18.6 2,801.7 South Central 2,304.9 1,625.4 0.3 1.1 3,931.7 Southeast 2,692.7 1,385.2 13.2 - 4,091.1 East 1,389.3 1,153.4 - - 2,542.7 North 1,251.9 676.7 - 7.1 1,935.7 Corporate and unallocated (1) 129.1 89.5 0.3 0.4 219.3$ 9,951.5 $ 7,322.5 $ 21.0$ 29.4 $ 17,324.4 __________
(1)Corporate and unallocated inventory consists primarily of capitalized interest and property taxes.
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Our land and lot position and homes in inventory at
March 31, 2023
Lots Controlled
Through Total
Land and Lot Land/Lots Homes
Land/Lots Purchase Owned and in
Owned (1) Contracts (2)(3) Controlled Inventory (4)
Northwest 12,300 25,300 37,600 2,700
Southwest 22,400 32,400 54,800 4,800
South Central 39,100 59,400 98,500 11,300
Southeast 23,500 128,600 152,100 12,800
East 25,300 107,300 132,600 7,500
North 13,700 57,700 71,400 4,500
136,300 410,700 547,000 43,600
25 % 75 % 100 %
September 30, 2022
Lots Controlled
Through Total
Land and Lot Land/Lots Homes
Land/Lots Purchase Owned and in
Owned (1) Contracts (2)(3) Controlled Inventory (4)
Northwest 11,100 32,200 43,300 2,900
Southwest 22,100 36,500 58,600 4,900
South Central 37,800 66,500 104,300 12,400
Southeast 24,700 138,600 163,300 14,200
East 22,700 105,700 128,400 6,800
North 12,700 62,600 75,300 5,200
131,100 442,100 573,200 46,400
23 % 77 % 100 %
___________________
(1)Land/lots owned included approximately 43,700 and 37,600 owned lots that are
fully developed and ready for home construction at March 31, 2023 and
September 30, 2022 , respectively. Land/lots owned also included land held for
development representing 400 lots at both March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022 .
(2)The total remaining purchase price of lots controlled through land and lot
purchase contracts at March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022 was $19.2 billion
and $19.7 billion , respectively, secured by earnest money deposits of $1.6
billion at both dates. The total remaining purchase price of lots controlled
through land and lot purchase contracts at March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022
included $1.2 billion and $1.4 billion , respectively, related to lot purchase
contracts with Forestar, secured by $124.3 million and $131.7 million ,
respectively, of earnest money.
(3)Lots controlled at March 31, 2023 included approximately 31,500 lots owned or
controlled by Forestar, 14,200 of which our homebuilding divisions had under
contract to purchase and 17,300 of which our homebuilding divisions had a right
of first offer to purchase. Of these, approximately 13,500 lots were in our
Southeast region, 6,100 lots were in our East region, 4,700 lots were in our
South Central region, 3,300 lots were in our Southwest region, 3,300 lots were
in our North region and 600 lots were in our Northwest region. Lots controlled
at September 30, 2022 included approximately 36,700 lots owned or controlled by
Forestar, 17,800 of which our homebuilding divisions had under contract to
purchase and 18,900 of which our homebuilding divisions had a right of first
offer to purchase.
(4)Approximately 24,800 and 27,200 of our homes in inventory were unsold at
March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022 , respectively. At March 31, 2023 ,
approximately 6,400 of our unsold homes were completed, of which approximately
510 homes had been completed for more than six months. At September 30, 2022 ,
approximately 4,400 of our unsold homes were completed, of which approximately
90 homes had been completed for more than six months. Homes in inventory exclude
approximately 1,900 and 1,800 model homes at March 31, 2023 and September 30,
2022 , respectively.
44-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - FORESTAR AtMarch 31, 2023 , we owned 63% of the outstanding shares of Forestar. Forestar is a publicly traded residential lot development company with operations in 52 markets across 20 states as ofMarch 31, 2023 . Forestar's segment results are presented on their historical cost basis, consistent with the manner in which management evaluates segment performance. (See Note B to the accompanying financial statements for additional Forestar segment information.)
Results of operations for the Forestar segment for the three and six months
ended
Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
March 31, March 31,
2023 2022 2023 2022
(In millions)
Total revenues $ 301.5 $ 421.6 $ 518.2 $ 829.2
Cost of land/lot sales and other 225.3 328.7 392.1 662.3
Inventory and land option charges 20.3 5.4 22.7 6.0
Total cost of sales $ 245.6 $ 334.1 $ 414.8 $ 668.3
Selling, general and administrative expense 22.0 24.3 44.9 45.8
Other (income) expense (2.0) - (5.3) (1.6)
Income before income taxes $ 35.9 $ 63.2 $ 63.8 $ 116.7
Forestar's revenues are primarily derived from sales of single-family
residential lots to local, regional and national homebuilders and land bankers
for homebuilders. The following tables provide further information regarding
Forestar's revenues and lot position as of and for the three and six months
ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:
Three
Months Ended
Lots Closed Value (In millions)
2023 2022 2023 2022
Residential single-family lots sold
Lots sold to D.R. Horton 2,666 4,771 $ 220.6 $ 389.7
Total lots sold 2,979 5,788 $ 252.9 $ 409.0
Tract acres sold to D.R. Horton 379 - $ 32.5 $ -
Six Months Ended March 31,
Lots Closed Value (In millions)
2023 2022 2023 2022
Residential single-family lots sold
Lots sold to D.R. Horton 4,760 8,785 $ 410.4 $ 719.8
Total lots sold 5,242 10,304 $ 459.5 $ 813.1
Tract acres sold to D.R. Horton 379 - $ 32.5 $ -
March 31, September 30,
2023 2022Residential single-family lots in inventory and under contract Lots owned
57,800 61,800
Lots controlled through land purchase contracts 18,600
28,300
Total lots owned and controlled 76,400
90,100
Owned lots under contract to sell toD.R. Horton 14,200
17,800
Owned lots under contract to customers other thanD.R. Horton 1,000
1,400
Total owned lots under contract 15,200
19,200
Owned lots subject to right of first offer with D.R.Horton 17,300 18,900 Owned lots fully developed 9,100 5,500 45
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At both
Inventory and land option charges during the three and six months ended
SG&A expense for the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 included charges of$0.9 million and$1.9 million , respectively, related to the shared services agreement between Forestar andD.R. Horton wherebyD.R. Horton provides Forestar with certain administrative, compliance, operational and procurement services. Shared services charges were$1.0 million and$2.0 million , respectively, in the same periods of fiscal 2022. 46 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - FINANCIAL SERVICES The following tables and related discussion set forth key operating and financial data for our financial services operations, comprisingDHI Mortgage and our subsidiary title companies, for the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 and 2022. Three Months Ended March 31, Six Months Ended March 31, 2023 2022 % Change 2023 2022 % Change Number of first-lien loans originated or brokered byDHI Mortgage for D.R.Horton homebuyers 14,865 13,551 10 % 28,161 25,640 10 % Number of homes closed by D.R.Horton 19,664 19,828 (1) % 37,004 38,224 (3) % Percentage ofD.R. Horton homes financed by DHI Mortgage 76 % 68 % 76 % 67 % Number of total loans originated or brokered byDHI Mortgage for D.R.Horton homebuyers 14,879 13,571 10 % 28,179 25,682 10 % Total number of loans originated or brokered by DHI Mortgage 14,957 13,777 9 % 28,356 26,191 8 % Captive business percentage 99 % 99 % 99 % 98 % Loans sold byDHI Mortgage to third parties 13,984 12,527 12 % 29,151 25,598 14 % Three Months Ended March 31, Six Months Ended March 31, 2023 2022 % Change 2023 2022 % Change (In millions) Loan origination and other fees$ 16.3 $ 11.4 43 %$ 31.6 $ 20.9 51 % Gains on sale of mortgage loans and mortgage servicing rights 154.5 168.0 (8) % 233.8 302.0 (23) % Servicing income 1.7 0.5 240 % 2.9 1.1 164 % Total mortgage operations revenues 172.5 179.9 (4) % 268.3 324.0 (17) % Title policy premiums 43.9 42.2 4 % 85.1 82.4 3 % Total revenues 216.4 222.1 (3) % 353.4 406.4 (13) % General and administrative expense 146.9 138.0 6 % 281.0 263.2 7 % Other (income) expense (16.1) (8.7) 85 % (31.4) (16.7) 88 % Financial services pre-tax income$ 85.6 $ 92.8 (8) %$ 103.8 $ 159.9 (35) % Financial Services Operating Margin Analysis Percentages of Financial Services Revenues Three Months Ended Six Months Ended March 31, March 31, 2023 2022 2023 2022 General and administrative expense 67.9 % 62.1 % 79.5 % 64.8 % Other (income) expense (7.4) % (3.9) % (8.9) % (4.1) % Financial services pre-tax income 39.6 % 41.8 % 29.4 % 39.3 % 47
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents Mortgage Loan Activity The volume of loans originated by our mortgage operations is directly related to the number of homes closed by our homebuilding operations. In the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , while the number of homes closed by our homebuilding operations decreased 1% and 3%, respectively, from the prior year periods, the volume of first-lien loans originated or brokered byDHI Mortgage for our homebuyers increased 10% in both periods due to an increase in the percentage of homes closed for whichDHI Mortgage handled our homebuyers' financing. Homes closed by our homebuilding operations constituted 99% ofDHI Mortgage loan originations in both the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 compared to 99% and 98%, respectively, in the prior year periods. These percentages reflectDHI Mortgage's consistent focus on the captive business provided by our homebuilding operations. The number of loans sold increased 12% and 14% in the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , respectively, compared to the prior year periods. Virtually all of the mortgage loans held for sale onMarch 31, 2023 were eligible for sale to the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae), the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac) or theGovernment National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae ). During the six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , approximately 53% of our mortgage loans were sold directly to Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or into securities backed byGinnie Mae , and 43% were sold to one other major financial entity. Changes in market conditions could result in a greater concentration of our mortgage sales in future periods to fewer financial entities and directly to Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac orGinnie Mae , and we may need to make other adjustments to our mortgage operations.
Financial Services Revenues and Expenses
Revenues from our mortgage operations decreased 4% to$172.5 million and 17% to$268.3 million in the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , respectively, from$179.9 million and$324.0 million in the prior year periods. The decreases were primarily due to lower gains on sales of mortgages resulting from a more competitive environment in the mortgage industry due to rising interest rates. Revenues from our title operations increased 4% to$43.9 million and 3% to$85.1 million in the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , respectively, from$42.2 million and$82.4 million in the prior year periods. General and administrative (G&A) expense related to our financial services operations increased 6% to$146.9 million and 7% to$281.0 million in the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , respectively, from$138.0 million and$263.2 million in the prior year periods. As a percentage of financial services revenues, G&A expense was 67.9% and 79.5% in the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , respectively, compared to 62.1% and 64.8% in the prior year periods. Fluctuations in financial services G&A expense as a percentage of revenues can occur because some components of revenue fluctuate differently than loan volumes, and some expenses are not directly related to mortgage loan volume or to changes in the amount of revenue earned. Our financial services operations employed 2,849 and 2,990 people atMarch 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Other income, net of other expense, included in our financial services operations consists primarily of the interest income of our mortgage subsidiary.
Primarily as a result of the reduction in revenue and operating margin of our
mortgage operations, pre-tax income from our financial services operations
decreased 35% to
48
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - RENTAL
Our rental segment consists of multi-family and single-family rental operations.
The multi-family rental operations develop, construct, lease and sell
residential rental properties, with a primary focus on constructing garden style
multi-family rental communities typically accommodating 200 to 400 dwelling
units in high growth suburban markets. The single-family rental operations
primarily construct and lease single-family homes within a community and then
market each community for a bulk sale of rental homes. Multi-family and
single-family rental property sales are recognized as revenues, and rental
income is recognized as other income. Results of operations for the rental
segment for the three and six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were as
follows:
Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
March 31, March 31,
2023 2022 2023 2022
(In millions)
Revenues
Single-family rental $ 224.1 $ 172.9 $ 452.1 $ 253.2
Multi-family rental and other - 50.0 99.5 126.2
Total revenues 224.1 222.9 551.6 379.4
Cost of sales
Single-family rental 157.7 77.5 294.5 113.8
Multi-family rental and other 0.3 25.0 48.3 61.5
Total cost of sales 158.0 102.5 342.8 175.3
Selling, general and administrative expense 53.5 22.8 101.0 41.4
Other (income) expense (22.0) (4.9) (37.1) (9.8)
Income before income taxes $ 34.6 $ 102.5 $ 144.9 $ 172.5
At March 31, 2023 , our rental property inventory of $3.3 billion included $2.1
billion of inventory related to our single-family rental operations and $1.2
billion of inventory related to our multi-family rental operations. At
September 30, 2022 , our rental property inventory of $2.6 billion included $1.7
billion of inventory related to our single-family rental operations and $897.2
million of inventory related to our multi-family rental operations.
The following tables provide further information regarding our rental operations
as of and for the three and six months ended
Rental Homes/Units Sold and Closed
Three Months Ended March 31,
Homes/Units Closed Value (In millions)
2023 2022 2023 2022
Single-family rental homes 721 368 $ 224.1 $ 172.9
Multi-family rental units - 126 - 50.0
721 494 $ 224.1 $ 222.9
Six Months Ended March 31,
Homes/Units Closed Value (In millions)
2023 2022 2023 2022
Single-family rental homes 1,415 594 $ 452.1 $ 253.2
Multi-family rental units 300 477 99.5 126.2
1,715 1,071 $ 551.6 $ 379.4
Rental Inventory
March 31, September 30,
2023 2022
Single-family rental homes (1) 8,630 7,400
Single-family rental lots (2) 4,930 6,680
Multi-family rental units (3) 7,210 6,110
________________________
See footnotes on following page.
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(1)Single-family rental homes include 5,980 and 3,530 completed homes at
(2)Single-family rental lots include 930 and 1,770 finished lots at
(3)Multi-family rental units atMarch 31, 2023 consist of 6,730 units under active construction and 480 units that were substantially complete and in the lease-up phase. Multi-family rental units atSeptember 30, 2022 consist of 5,810 units under active construction and 300 units that were substantially complete and in the lease-up phase.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - OTHER BUSINESSES
In addition to our homebuilding, Forestar, financial services and rental operations, we engage in other business activities through our subsidiaries. We conduct insurance-related operations, own water rights and other water-related assets, own non-residential real estate including ranch land and improvements and own and operate energy-related assets. The pre-tax income of all of our subsidiaries engaged in other business activities was$12.5 million and$21.9 million in the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , respectively, compared to$13.6 million and$24.3 million in the prior year periods.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - CONSOLIDATED
Income before Income Taxes
Pre-tax income for the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 was$1.2 billion and$2.5 billion , respectively, compared to$1.9 billion and$3.4 billion in the prior year periods. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in the pre-tax income of our homebuilding operations as a result of a decrease in home sales gross margin.
Income Taxes
Our income tax expense for the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 was$295.7 million and$594.6 million , respectively, compared to$441.0 million and$792.5 million in the prior year periods. Our effective tax rate was 23.7% for both the three and six months endedMarch 31, 2023 compared to 23.4% in both of the prior year periods. The effective tax rates for all periods include an expense for state income taxes and tax benefits related to stock-based compensation and federal energy efficient homes tax credits. Our deferred tax assets, net of deferred tax liabilities, were$130.1 million atMarch 31, 2023 compared to$159.0 million atSeptember 30, 2022 . We have a valuation allowance of$17.8 million and$17.9 million atMarch 31, 2023 andSeptember 30, 2022 , respectively, related to deferred tax assets for state net operating loss (NOL), state capital loss and tax credit carryforwards that are expected to expire before being realized. We will continue to evaluate both the positive and negative evidence in determining the need for a valuation allowance with respect to our remaining state NOL, state capital loss and tax credit carryforwards. Any reversal of the valuation allowance in future periods will impact our effective tax rate. The accounting for deferred taxes is based upon estimates of future results. Differences between the anticipated and actual outcomes of these future results could have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations or financial position. Also, changes in existing federal and state tax laws and tax rates could affect future tax results and the valuation of our deferred tax assets. 50 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY We have historically funded our operations with cash flows from operating activities, borrowings under bank credit facilities and the issuance of new debt securities. Our current levels of cash, borrowing capacity and balance sheet leverage provide us with the operational flexibility to adjust to changes in economic and market conditions. We have continued to increase our investments in homebuilding inventories and single-family and multi-family rental properties to expand our operations. We are also returning capital to our shareholders through dividend payments and repurchases of our common stock. We are maintaining significant homebuilding cash balances and liquidity to support the increased scale and level of activity in our business and to provide flexibility to adjust to changing conditions and opportunities. AtMarch 31, 2023 , we had outstanding notes payable with varying maturities totaling an aggregate principal amount of$6.0 billion , of which$2.2 billion is payable within 12 months and includes$1.6 billion outstanding under the mortgage repurchase facility and$400 million principal amount of 5.75% homebuilding senior notes maturing inAugust 2023 . AtMarch 31, 2023 , our ratio of debt to total capital (notes payable divided by stockholders' equity plus notes payable) was 22.4% compared to 23.8% atSeptember 30, 2022 and 24.9% atMarch 31, 2022 . Our net debt to total capital (notes payable net of cash divided by stockholders' equity plus notes payable net of cash) was 12.3% atMarch 31, 2023 compared to 15.4% atSeptember 30, 2022 and 18.9% atMarch 31, 2022 . AtMarch 31, 2023 , our ratio of homebuilding debt to total capital (homebuilding notes payable divided by stockholders' equity plus homebuilding notes payable) was 11.5% compared to 13.2% atSeptember 30, 2022 and 16.4% atMarch 31, 2022 . Our net homebuilding debt to total capital (homebuilding notes payable net of cash divided by stockholders' equity plus homebuilding notes payable net of cash) was 1.5% atMarch 31, 2023 compared to 4.4% atSeptember 30, 2022 and 11.2% atMarch 31, 2022 . Over the long term, we intend to maintain our ratio of homebuilding debt to total capital below 30%, and we expect it to remain below 20% throughout fiscal 2023. We believe that the ratio of homebuilding debt to total capital is useful in understanding the leverage employed in our homebuilding operations and comparing our capital structure with other homebuilders. We exclude the debt of Forestar, DRH Rental and our financial services business because they are separately capitalized and not guaranteed by our parent company or any of our homebuilding entities. AtMarch 31, 2023 , we had outstanding letters of credit of$245.2 million and surety bonds of$2.9 billion , issued by third parties to secure performance under various contracts. We expect that our performance obligations secured by these letters of credit and bonds will generally be completed in the ordinary course of business and in accordance with the applicable contractual terms. When we complete our performance obligations, the related letters of credit and bonds are generally released shortly thereafter, leaving us with no continuing obligations. We have no material third-party guarantees. We regularly assess our projected capital requirements to fund growth in our business, repay debt obligations, pay dividends, repurchase our common stock and maintain sufficient cash and liquidity levels to support our other operational needs, and we regularly evaluate our opportunities to raise additional capital.D.R. Horton has an automatically effective universal shelf registration statement filed with theSecurities and Exchange Commission (SEC) inJuly 2021 , registering debt and equity securities that may be issued from time to time in amounts to be determined. Forestar also has an effective shelf registration statement filed with theSEC inOctober 2021 , registering$750 million of equity securities, of which$300 million was reserved for sales under its at-the-market equity offering (ATM) program that became effective inNovember 2021 . AtMarch 31, 2023 ,$748.2 million remained available for issuance under Forestar's shelf registration statement, of which$298.2 million was reserved for sales under its ATM program. As market conditions permit, we may issue new debt or equity securities through the capital markets or obtain additional bank financing to fund our projected capital requirements or provide additional liquidity. We believe that our existing cash resources, revolving credit facilities, mortgage repurchase facility and ability to access the capital markets or obtain additional bank financing will provide sufficient liquidity to fund our near-term working capital needs and debt obligations for the next 12 months and for the foreseeable future thereafter.
Capital Resources - Homebuilding
Cash and Cash Equivalents - At
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Bank Credit Facility - We have a $2.19 billion senior unsecured homebuilding
revolving credit facility with an uncommitted accordion feature that could
increase the size of the facility to $3.0 billion , subject to certain conditions
and availability of additional bank commitments. The facility also provides for
the issuance of letters of credit with a sublimit equal to 100% of the total
revolving credit commitments. Letters of credit issued under the facility reduce
the available borrowing capacity. The maturity date of the facility is
October 28, 2027 . At March 31, 2023 , there were no borrowings outstanding and
$202.6 million of letters of credit issued under the revolving credit facility,
resulting in available capacity of $1.99 billion .
Our homebuilding revolving credit facility imposes restrictions on our
operations and activities, including requiring the maintenance of a maximum
allowable leverage ratio and a borrowing base restriction if our leverage ratio
exceeds a certain level. These covenants are measured as defined in the credit
agreement governing the facility and are reported to the lenders quarterly. A
failure to comply with these financial covenants could allow the lending banks
to terminate the availability of funds under the revolving credit facility or
cause any outstanding borrowings to become due and payable prior to maturity.
The credit agreement governing the facility imposes restrictions on the creation
of secured debt and liens. At March 31, 2023 , we were in compliance with all of
the covenants, limitations and restrictions of our homebuilding revolving credit
facility.
Public Unsecured Debt - We have $2.5 billion principal amount of homebuilding
senior notes outstanding as of March 31, 2023 that mature from August 2023
through October 2027 . In February 2023 , we repaid $300 million principal amount
of our 4.75% senior notes at maturity. The indentures governing our senior notes
impose restrictions on the creation of secured debt and liens. At March 31,
2023 , we were in compliance with all of the limitations and restrictions
associated with our public debt obligations.
Our homebuilding revolving credit facility and senior notes are guaranteed by
Debt and Stock Repurchase Authorizations - InJuly 2019 , our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to$500 million of debt securities. InApril 2022 , our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to$1.0 billion of our common stock. During the six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , we repurchased 4.5 million shares at a total cost including commissions and excise taxes of$421.3 million . AtMarch 31, 2023 , the full amount of the debt repurchase authorization was remaining, and$17.0 million of the stock repurchase authorization was remaining. InApril 2023 , our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to$1.0 billion of our common stock, replacing the previous common stock repurchase authorization. The debt and stock repurchase authorizations have no expiration date.
Capital Resources - Forestar
The achievement of Forestar's long-term growth objectives will depend on its ability to obtain financing and generate sufficient cash flows from operations. As market conditions permit, Forestar may issue new debt or equity securities through the capital markets or obtain additional bank financing to provide capital for future growth and additional liquidity. AtMarch 31, 2023 , Forestar's ratio of debt to total capital (notes payable divided by stockholders' equity plus notes payable) was 36.2% compared to 37.1% atSeptember 30, 2022 and 38.9% atMarch 31, 2022 . Forestar's ratio of net debt to total capital (notes payable net of cash divided by stockholders' equity plus notes payable net of cash) was 25.2% compared to 26.9% atSeptember 30, 2022 and 29.9% atMarch 31, 2022 .
Cash and Cash Equivalents - At
Bank Credit Facility - Forestar has a$410 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility with an uncommitted accordion feature that could increase the size of the facility to$600 million , subject to certain conditions and availability of additional bank commitments. The facility also provides for the issuance of letters of credit with a sublimit equal to the greater of$100 million and 50% of the total revolving credit commitments. Borrowings under the revolving credit facility are subject to a borrowing base calculation based on the book value of Forestar's real estate assets and unrestricted cash. Letters of credit issued under the facility reduce the available borrowing capacity. The maturity date of the facility isOctober 28, 2026 . AtMarch 31, 2023 , there were no borrowings outstanding and$42.6 million of letters of credit issued under the revolving credit facility, resulting in available capacity of$367.4 million . 52 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents The Forestar revolving credit facility includes customary affirmative and negative covenants, events of default and financial covenants. The financial covenants require Forestar to maintain a minimum level of tangible net worth, a minimum level of liquidity and a maximum allowable leverage ratio. These covenants are measured as defined in the credit agreement governing the facility and are reported to the lenders quarterly. A failure to comply with these financial covenants could allow the lending banks to terminate the availability of funds under the revolving credit facility or cause any outstanding borrowings to become due and payable prior to maturity. Unsecured Debt - As ofMarch 31, 2023 , Forestar had$700 million principal amount of senior notes issued pursuant to Rule 144A and Regulation S under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, which represent unsecured obligations of Forestar. These notes include$400 million principal amount of 3.85% senior notes that mature inMay 2026 and$300 million principal amount of 5.0% senior notes that mature inMarch 2028 . Forestar's revolving credit facility and its senior notes are guaranteed by Forestar's wholly-owned subsidiaries that are not immaterial subsidiaries or have not been designated as unrestricted subsidiaries. They are not guaranteed byD.R. Horton, Inc. or any of the subsidiaries that guarantee the debt of our homebuilding, financial services or rental operations. AtMarch 31, 2023 , Forestar was in compliance with all of the covenants, limitations and restrictions of its revolving credit facility and senior note obligations. Debt Repurchase Authorization - InApril 2020 , Forestar's Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to$30 million of Forestar's debt securities. All of the$30 million authorization was remaining atMarch 31, 2023 , and the authorization has no expiration date. Issuance of Common Stock - During the six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , there were no shares of common stock issued under Forestar's ATM program. AtMarch 31, 2023 ,$748.2 million remained available for issuance under Forestar's shelf registration statement, of which$298.2 million was reserved for sales under its ATM program.
Capital Resources - Financial Services
Cash and Cash Equivalents - At
Mortgage Repurchase Facility - Our mortgage subsidiary,DHI Mortgage , has a mortgage repurchase facility that provides financing and liquidity toDHI Mortgage by facilitating purchase transactions in whichDHI Mortgage transfers eligible loans to the counterparties upon receipt of funds from the counterparties.DHI Mortgage then has the right and obligation to repurchase the purchased loans upon their sale to third-party purchasers in the secondary market or within specified time frames from 45 to 60 days in accordance with the terms of the mortgage repurchase facility. InFebruary 2023 , the mortgage repurchase facility was amended to increase its capacity to$2.0 billion and extend its maturity date toFebruary 16, 2024 . The capacity of the facility can be increased to$2.3 billion subject to the availability of additional commitments. As ofMarch 31, 2023 ,$2.14 billion of mortgage loans held for sale with a collateral value of$2.10 billion were pledged under the mortgage repurchase facility. As a result of advance paydowns totaling$541.0 million ,DHI Mortgage had an obligation of$1.55 billion outstanding under the mortgage repurchase facility atMarch 31, 2023 at a 6.4% annual interest rate. The mortgage repurchase facility is not guaranteed byD.R. Horton, Inc. or any of the subsidiaries that guarantee the debt of our homebuilding, Forestar or rental operations. The facility contains financial covenants as to the mortgage subsidiary's minimum required tangible net worth, its maximum allowable leverage ratio and its minimum required liquidity. These covenants are measured and reported to the lenders monthly. AtMarch 31, 2023 ,DHI Mortgage was in compliance with all of the conditions and covenants of the mortgage repurchase facility. In the past,DHI Mortgage has been able to renew or extend its mortgage credit facility at a sufficient capacity and on satisfactory terms prior to its maturity and obtain temporary additional commitments through amendments to the credit agreement during periods of higher than normal volumes of mortgages held for sale. The liquidity of our financial services business depends upon its continued ability to renew and extend the mortgage repurchase facility or to obtain other additional financing in sufficient capacities. 53 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents Uncommitted Mortgage Repurchase Facility - InApril 2023 ,DHI Mortgage entered into a master repurchase agreement pursuant to whichDHI Mortgage may from time to time sell to the counterparty, and later repurchase, eligible loans. The new mortgage repurchase facility providesDHI Mortgage with uncommitted borrowing capacity of up to$300 million and includes customary affirmative and negative covenants, events of default and financial covenants similar to those in the committed mortgage repurchase facility. The obligations ofDHI Mortgage under this facility are not guaranteed byD.R. Horton, Inc. or any of the subsidiaries that guarantee the debt of our homebuilding, Forestar or rental operations.
Capital Resources - Rental
During the first half of fiscal 2023, we continued to increase the investment in our rental operations. The inventory in our rental segment totaled$3.3 billion atMarch 31, 2023 compared to$2.6 billion atSeptember 30, 2022 and$1.5 billion atMarch 31, 2022 .
Cash and Cash Equivalents - At
Bank Credit Facility - Our rental subsidiary, DRH Rental, has a$1.025 billion senior unsecured revolving credit facility with an uncommitted accordion feature that could increase the size of the facility to$1.25 billion , subject to certain conditions and availability of additional bank commitments. Availability under the revolving credit facility is subject to a borrowing base calculation based on the book value of DRH Rental's real estate assets and unrestricted cash. The facility also provides for the issuance of letters of credit with a sublimit equal to the greater of$100 million and 50% of the total revolving credit commitments. The maturity date of the facility isMarch 4, 2026 . Borrowings and repayments under the facility totaled$575 million and$350 million , respectively, during the six months endedMarch 31, 2023 . AtMarch 31, 2023 , the capacity of the facility was fully utilized, with$1.025 billion of borrowings outstanding at a 7.2% annual interest rate. The revolving credit facility includes customary affirmative and negative covenants, events of default and financial covenants. The financial covenants require DRH Rental to maintain a minimum level of tangible net worth, a minimum level of liquidity and a maximum allowable leverage ratio. These covenants are measured as defined in the credit agreement governing the facility and are reported to the lenders quarterly. A failure to comply with these financial covenants could allow the lending banks to terminate the availability of funds under the revolving credit facility or cause any outstanding borrowings to become due and payable prior to maturity. AtMarch 31, 2023 , DRH Rental was in compliance with all of the covenants, limitations and restrictions of its revolving credit facility. DRH Rental's revolving credit facility is guaranteed by DRH Rental's wholly-owned subsidiaries that are not immaterial subsidiaries or have not been designated as unrestricted subsidiaries. The rental revolving credit facility is not guaranteed byD.R. Horton, Inc. or any of the subsidiaries that guarantee the debt of our homebuilding, Forestar or financial services operations.
Operating Cash Flow Activities
In the six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , net cash provided by operating activities was$1.5 billion compared to$834.6 million of cash used in operating activities in the prior year period. Cash provided by operating activities in the current year period primarily consisted of$1.5 billion ,$232.2 million and$21.3 million of cash provided by our homebuilding, financial services and Forestar segments, respectively, partially offset by$263.3 million of cash used in our rental segment. Cash provided by a decrease in construction in progress and finished home inventory was$537.3 million in the current year period compared to cash used to increase construction in progress and finished home inventory of$2.1 billion in the prior year period, reflecting a decrease in our homes in inventory in the current period. Cash used to increase residential land and lots was$668.7 million in the current year period compared to$528.4 million in the prior year period.
In the six months ended
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Investing Cash Flow Activities
In the six months ended March 31, 2023 , net cash used in investing activities
was $180.6 million compared to $68.7 million in the prior year period. In the
current year period, uses of cash included the acquisition of the homebuilding
operations of Riggins Custom Homes for $103.5 million and purchases of property
and equipment totaling $79.2 million . In the prior year period, uses of cash
included purchases of property and equipment totaling $72.5 million .
Financing Cash Flow Activities
We expect the short-term financing needs of our operations will be funded with existing cash, cash generated from operations and borrowings under our credit facilities. Long-term financing needs for our operations may be funded with the issuance of senior unsecured debt securities or equity securities through the capital markets. During the six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , net cash used in financing activities was$791.3 million , consisting primarily of repayment of$300 million principal amount of our 4.75% homebuilding senior notes, net payments of$63.4 million on our mortgage repurchase facility, cash used to repurchase shares of our common stock of$419.8 million and payment of cash dividends totaling$171.7 million . These uses of cash were partially offset by net borrowings on DRH Rental's revolving credit facility of$225 million . During the six months endedMarch 31, 2022 , net cash used in financing activities was$644.8 million , consisting primarily of cash used to repurchase shares of our common stock of$569.8 million and payment of cash dividends totaling$159.2 million , partially offset by net borrowings of$84.3 million on our mortgage repurchase facility. During each of the first two quarters of fiscal 2023, our Board of Directors approved a quarterly cash dividend of$0.25 per common share, the most recent of which was paid onFebruary 14, 2023 to stockholders of record onFebruary 7, 2023 . InApril 2023 , our Board of Directors approved a quarterly cash dividend of$0.25 per common share, payable onMay 10, 2023 to stockholders of record onMay 3, 2023 . Cash dividends of$0.225 per common share were approved and paid in each quarter of fiscal 2022. The declaration of future cash dividends is at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon, among other things, our future earnings, cash flows, capital requirements, financial condition and general business conditions. 55
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents SUPPLEMENTAL GUARANTOR FINANCIAL INFORMATION As ofMarch 31, 2023 ,D.R. Horton, Inc. had$2.5 billion principal amount of homebuilding senior notes outstanding due throughOctober 2027 and no amounts outstanding on its homebuilding revolving credit facility. All of the homebuilding senior notes and the homebuilding revolving credit facility are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, on a joint and several basis, by certain subsidiaries ofD.R. Horton, Inc. (Guarantors or Guarantor Subsidiaries). Each of the Guarantor Subsidiaries is 100% owned, directly or indirectly, byD.R. Horton, Inc. Our subsidiaries associated with the Forestar lot development operations, financial services operations, multi-family and single-family rental operations and certain other subsidiaries do not guarantee the homebuilding senior notes or the homebuilding revolving credit facility (collectively, Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries). The guarantees are senior unsecured obligations of each Guarantor and rank equal with all existing and future senior debt of such Guarantor and senior to all subordinated debt of such Guarantor. The guarantees are effectively subordinated to any secured debt of such Guarantor to the extent of the value of the assets securing such debt. The guarantees will be structurally subordinated to indebtedness and other liabilities of Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries of the Guarantors. The guarantees by a Guarantor Subsidiary will be automatically and unconditionally released and discharged upon: (1) the sale or other disposition of its common stock whereby it is no longer a subsidiary of ours; (2) the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of its assets (other than to us or another Guarantor); (3) its merger or consolidation with an entity other than us or another Guarantor; or (4) its ceasing to guarantee any of our publicly traded debt securities and ceasing to guarantee any of our obligations under our homebuilding revolving credit facility. The enforceability of the obligations of the Guarantor Subsidiaries under their guarantees may be subject to review under applicable federal or state laws relating to fraudulent conveyance or transfer, voidable preference and similar laws affecting the rights of creditors generally. In certain circumstances, a court could void the guarantees, subordinate amounts owing under the guarantees or order other relief detrimental to the holders of our guaranteed obligations. The indentures governing our homebuilding senior notes contain a "savings clause," which limits the liability of each Guarantor on its guarantee to the maximum amount that such Guarantor can incur without risk that its guarantee will be subject to avoidance as a fraudulent transfer. This provision may not be effective to protect such guarantees from fraudulent transfer challenges or, if it does, it may reduce such Guarantor's obligation such that the remaining amount due and collectible under the guarantees would not suffice, if necessary, to pay the notes in full when due. 56 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents The following tables present summarized financial information forD.R. Horton, Inc. and the Guarantor Subsidiaries on a combined basis after intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated amongD.R. Horton, Inc. and the Guarantor Subsidiaries, as well as their investment in, and equity in earnings from the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries. D.R.Horton , Inc. and Guarantor Subsidiaries March 31, September 30, Summarized Balance Sheet Data 2023 2022 (In millions) Assets Cash $ 2,295.5$ 1,974.6 Inventories 18,197.0 18,096.5 Amount due from Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries 1,208.2 1,034.9 Total assets 24,789.8 24,001.0 Liabilities & Stockholders' Equity Notes payable $ 2,584.7$ 2,878.3 Total liabilities 6,067.8 6,345.8 Stockholders' equity 18,722.0 17,655.2 Year Ended Six Months Ended September 30, Summarized Statement of Operations Data March 31, 2023 2022 (In millions) Revenues$ 14,188.0 $ 31,890.0 Cost of sales 10,985.2 22,794.1 Selling, general and administrative expense 1,050.0 2,128.5 Income before income taxes 2,162.2 6,946.0 Net income 1,651.3 5,372.7 57
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
As disclosed in our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended
As disclosed in our critical accounting policies in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year endedSeptember 30, 2022 , our reserves for construction defect claims include the estimated costs of both known claims and anticipated future claims. AtMarch 31, 2023 andSeptember 30, 2022 , we had reserves for approximately 600 and 560 pending construction defect claims, respectively, and no individual existing claim was material to our financial statements. During the six months endedMarch 31, 2023 , we established reserves for approximately 150 new construction defect claims and resolved 110 construction defect claims for a total cost of$16.6 million . AtMarch 31, 2022 andSeptember 30, 2021 , we had reserves for approximately 455 and 380 pending construction defect claims, respectively, and no individual existing claim was material to our financial statements. During the six months endedMarch 31, 2022 , we established reserves for approximately 180 new construction defect claims and resolved 105 construction defect claims for a total cost of$12.8 million .
SEASONALITY
Although significant changes in market conditions have impacted our seasonal
patterns in the past and could do so again in the future, we generally close
more homes and generate greater revenues and pre-tax income in the third and
fourth quarters of our fiscal year. The seasonal nature of our business can also
cause significant variations in the working capital requirements for our
homebuilding, lot development, financial services and rental operations. As a
result of seasonal activity, our quarterly results of operations and financial
position at the end of a particular fiscal quarter are not necessarily
representative of the balance of our fiscal year.
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Forward-Looking Statements
Some of the statements contained in this report, as well as in other materials
we have filed or will file with the Securities and Exchange Commission ,
statements made by us in periodic press releases and oral statements we make to
analysts, stockholders and the press in the course of presentations about us,
may be construed as "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of
Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, Section 21E of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.
Forward-looking statements are based on management's beliefs as well as
assumptions made by, and information currently available to, management. These
forward-looking statements typically include the words "anticipate," "believe,"
"consider," "continue," "could," "estimate," "expect," "forecast," "goal,"
"intend," "likely," "may," "outlook," "plan," "possible," "potential,"
"predict," "projection," "seek," "should," "strategy," "target," "will," "would"
or other words of similar meaning. Any or all of the forward-looking statements
included in this report and in any other of our reports or public statements may
not approximate actual experience, and the expectations derived from them may
not be realized, due to risks, uncertainties and other factors. As a result,
actual results may differ materially from the expectations or results we discuss
in the forward-looking statements. These risks, uncertainties and other factors
include, but are not limited to:
•the cyclical nature of the homebuilding, lot development and rental housing industries and changes in economic, real estate or other conditions;
•constriction of the credit and public capital markets, which could limit our ability to access capital and increase our costs of capital;
•reductions in the availability of mortgage financing provided by government agencies, changes in government financing programs, a decrease in our ability to sell mortgage loans on attractive terms or an increase in mortgage interest rates;
•the risks associated with our land, lot and rental inventory;
•our ability to effect our growth strategies, acquisitions or investments successfully;
•the impact of an inflationary, deflationary or higher interest rate environment;
•supply shortages and other risks of acquiring land, building materials and skilled labor;
•the effects of public health issues such as a major epidemic or pandemic, including the impact of COVID-19 on the economy and our businesses;
•the effects of weather conditions and natural disasters on our business and financial results;
•home warranty and construction defect claims;
•the effects of health and safety incidents;
•reductions in the availability of performance bonds;
•increases in the costs of owning a home;
•the effects of governmental regulations and environmental matters on our homebuilding and land development operations;
•the effects of governmental regulations on our financial services operations;
•competitive conditions within the industries in which we operate;
•our ability to manage and service our debt and comply with related debt covenants, restrictions and limitations;
•the effects of negative publicity;
•the effects of the loss of key personnel;
•actions by activist stockholders; and
•information technology failures, data security breaches and our ability to satisfy privacy and data protection laws and regulations.
We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. However, any further disclosures made on related subjects in subsequent reports on Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K should be consulted. Additional information about issues that could lead to material changes in performance and risk factors that have the potential to affect us is contained in our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year endedSeptember 30, 2022 , including the section entitled "Risk Factors," which is filed with theSEC . 59
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