Amarantus BioScience, Inc. presented positive preclinical efficacy data for MANF in a neurorestoration 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model of Parkinson's disease. The data demonstrate that, unlike Glial cell-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF), MANF significantly reduces behavioral deficits, increases dopaminergic (DA) nerve terminal reinnervation of the striatum, and increases dopamine concentrations in the striatum when MANF is administered directly to the substantia nigra (SNc). GDNF is an agent currently in clinical trials for Parkinson's disease.